{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:41:23Z","timestamp":1793234483244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004179","name":"Ningxia Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCXK2025006-FY06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCXK2025006-FY06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004772","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XZ2024006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ2024006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004772","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024AAC03202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AAC03202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T05:42:28Z","timestamp":1779428548000},"page":"110015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antimicrobial peptide WK-13-3D inhibits triple-negative breast cancer by blocking autophagic flux through inhibiting the AKT\/mTOR pathway and targeting binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Xuhong","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangsong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality across 185 countries","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0010","article-title":"Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: a review","volume":"17","author":"Jie","year":"2025","journal-title":"breast Cancer\u00a0: Targets and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0015","article-title":"Triple negative breast cancer: a review of present and future diagnostic modalities","volume":"57","author":"Dass","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0020","article-title":"Triple negative breast cancer: a mountain yet to be scaled despite the triumphs","volume":"13","author":"Q","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071674","article-title":"Advances in systemic therapies for triple negative breast cancer","volume":"381","author":"Leon-Ferre","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0030","article-title":"Functional divergence among silkworm antimicrobial peptide paralogs by the activities of recombinant proteins and the induced expression profiles","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1582863","article-title":"Progress in the classification, optimization, activity, and application of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"16","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1463088","article-title":"From defense to offense: antimicrobial peptides as promising therapeutics for cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zare-Zardini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S445333","article-title":"Anticancer mechanisms and potential anticancer applications of antimicrobial peptides and their nano agents","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0050","article-title":"Antifungal properties of cathelicidin LL-37: current knowledge and future research directions","volume":"40","author":"Memariani","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2023.10.035","article-title":"Between good and evil: complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids","volume":"123","author":"Zielke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02135-w","article-title":"The inducible role of autophagy in cell death: emerging evidence and future perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060500","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of autophagosome\u2013lysosome fusion in mammalian cells","volume":"13","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: regulator of cell death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-025-01557-x","article-title":"Structure and activation of the human autophagy-initiating ULK1C:PI3KC3-C1 supercomplex","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060500","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of autophagosome\u2013lysosome fusion in mammalian cells","volume":"13","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050728","article-title":"Recovery of lysosomal acidification and autophagy flux by attapulgite nanorods: therapeutic potential for lysosomal disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15070915","article-title":"Autophagy: shedding light on the mechanisms and multifaceted roles in cancers","volume":"15","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0095","article-title":"Inhibition of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling enhances autophagy in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cells: an integrative bioinformatic and in vitro study","volume":"44","author":"Malekan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111530","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide WK-13-3D promotes apoptosis, autophagy, and ubiquitination in triple-negative breast cancer via binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)","volume":"415","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8851327","article-title":"Interactions between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy: implications for apoptosis and neuroplasticity-related proteins in palmitic acid-treated prefrontal cells","volume":"2021","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-022-00468-0","article-title":"Triple negative breast cancer: pitfalls and progress","volume":"8","author":"Zagami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.01.007","article-title":"Distinct cellular mechanisms underlie chemotherapies and PD-L1 blockade combinations in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03227-6","article-title":"Combination strategies with PARP inhibitors in BRCA-mutated triple-negative breast cancer: overcoming resistance mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"Jain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-025-04308-5","article-title":"Advances in nanoparticle-based doxorubicin delivery: precision strategies for targeted treatment of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Ramayanam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080876","article-title":"TNBC: potential targeting of multiple receptors for a therapeutic breakthrough, nanomedicine, and immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0135","article-title":"The dual role of autophagy in cancer development and a therapeutic strategy for cancer by targeting autophagy","volume":"22","author":"Cw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02399-3","article-title":"M6A-methylated circRAPGEF5 drives lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis via IGF2BP2\/NUP160-mediated autophagy suppression","volume":"24","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.02.003","article-title":"Recent advances in targeting autophagy in cancer","volume":"44","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29030141","article-title":"Autophagy agents in clinical trials for cancer therapy: a brief review","volume":"29","author":"Mohsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0086","article-title":"Phase II and pharmacodynamic study of autophagy inhibition using hydroxychloroquine in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Wolpin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.28984","article-title":"A phase I\/II trial of hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with radiation therapy and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"10","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.115162","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in combination with platinum doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (Study 15): a randomised phase II multicentre trial","volume":"215","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3043","article-title":"Pleurocidin-family cationic antimicrobial peptides are cytolytic for breast carcinoma cells and prevent growth of tumor xenografts","volume":"13","author":"Hilchie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0175","article-title":"Lysine-leucine-rich frog skin antimicrobial peptides inhibit breast cancer metastasis by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophage polarization","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97906-3","article-title":"Selective apoptosis induction by antimicrobial peptide TP4 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Ardeshir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0185","article-title":"Autophagic flux-lipid droplet biogenesis cascade sustains mitochondrial fitness in colorectal cancer cells adapted to acidosis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137459","article-title":"Blockage of autophagy for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review","volume":"25","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02310-z","article-title":"Lysosomal targeting of liposomes with acidic pH and cathepsin B induces protein aggregate clearance","volume":"23","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116923","article-title":"Discovery of sp3-rich diazatricycloundecanes as lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitors","volume":"280","author":"Miura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0205","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway and its role in cancer therapeutics: are we making headway?","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9258396","article-title":"Signal transduction pathways in breast cancer: the important role of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR","volume":"2020","author":"Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.21873\/cgp.20507","article-title":"The role of ER stress and the unfolded protein response in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ghemrawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Genomics Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.01.010","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer cells","volume":"190","author":"Oakes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2412246122","article-title":"Stress-induced translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78\/BiP and its impact on human disease and therapy","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0230","article-title":"Inadequate BiP availability defines endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"8","author":"Vitale","year":"2026","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/35014014","article-title":"Dynamic interaction of BiP and ER stress transducers in the unfolded-protein response","volume":"2","author":"Bertolotti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202255192","article-title":"ER-phagy: selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"23","author":"Mochida","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."}],"container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206826005511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206826005511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T12:50:47Z","timestamp":1783169447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045206826005511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0045206826005511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-2068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-2068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antimicrobial peptide WK-13-3D inhibits triple-negative breast cancer by blocking autophagic flux through inhibiting the AKT\/mTOR pathway and targeting binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110015"}}