{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1787678490020,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21978273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22378360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22378360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22508354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22508354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA0917104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA0917104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2100800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2100800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022C03068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQN26B020007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQN26B020007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:55:34Z","timestamp":1783439734000},"page":"110225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dual-masked cathepsin B-activated 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs with enhanced photodynamic cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Yikai","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0410-2","article-title":"Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.07.058","article-title":"The potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT)\u2014experimental investigations and clinical use","volume":"83","author":"Oniszczuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00196-z","article-title":"Engineering photodynamics for treatment, priming and imaging","volume":"2","author":"Obaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04222.x","article-title":"How does photodynamic therapy work?","volume":"55","author":"Henderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-008-0539-1","article-title":"Photophysics and photochemistry of photodynamic therapy: fundamental aspects","volume":"24","author":"Plaetzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01115a546","article-title":"\u03b4-Ainolevulinic acid, its role in the biosynthesis of porphyrins and purines1","volume":"75","author":"Shemin","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00588","article-title":"Optically active porphyrin and Phthalocyanine systems","volume":"116","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33837-1","article-title":"Synthetic biology-instructed transdermal microneedle patch for traceable photodynamic therapy","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.01.003","article-title":"Biological activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester after storage under different conditions","volume":"87","author":"Kaliszewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6017(200010)89:10<1335::AID-JPS11>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Degradation mechanism and stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid","volume":"89","author":"Bunke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(02)00278-6","article-title":"The stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid in solution","volume":"67","author":"Gadmar \u00d8","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2174\/1568011043352984","article-title":"On the selectivity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX formation","volume":"4","author":"Sabine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.050","article-title":"Cell-type dependent response to photodynamic treatment in 3D collagen cell cultures","volume":"166","author":"Mateasik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0070","article-title":"Protoporphyrin IX-induced phototoxicity: mechanisms and therapeutics","volume":"248","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0075","article-title":"Adverse reactions of ALA-PDT for the treatment of cutaneous diseases: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1562\/2006-02-03-IR-794","article-title":"5-Aminolevulinic acid derivatives in photomedicine: characteristics, application and perspectives","volume":"82","author":"Fotinos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07484.x","article-title":"Topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid, methyl 5-aminolaevulinate and hexyl 5-aminolaevulinate on normal human skin","volume":"155","author":"Juzeniene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brit. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690556","article-title":"Comparative effect of ALA derivatives on protoporphyrin IX production in human and rat skin organ cultures","volume":"80","author":"Casas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.05.047","article-title":"Tunable phosphatase-sensitive stable prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor fluorescence photodetection","volume":"235","author":"Babi\u010d","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.03.020","article-title":"Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of beta-glucuronidase-sensitive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis of breast cancer cells","volume":"78","author":"Herceg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111582","article-title":"A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116329","article-title":"Cathepsin B: the dawn of tumor therapy","volume":"269","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02174043","article-title":"The cysteine protease cathepsin B in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Elliott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perspect. Drug Discov. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00676H","article-title":"Cleavable linkers in antibody\u2013drug conjugates","volume":"48","author":"Bargh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.103965","article-title":"Enzyme-responsive design combined with photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment","volume":"29","author":"Zhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b01430","article-title":"Discovery of peptidomimetic antibody\u2013drug conjugate linkers with enhanced protease specificity","volume":"61","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.042","article-title":"Antibody\u2013drug conjugates: recent advances in linker chemistry","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717","article-title":"SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules","volume":"7","author":"Daina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0145","article-title":"Cathespin B-initiated Cypate nanoparticle formation for tumor photoacoustic imaging","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071848","article-title":"Smart delivery systems responsive to cathepsin B cctivity for cancer treatment","volume":"15","author":"Egorova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1021\/ml100287y","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity of 4-halocolchicines and their pro-drugs activated by cathepsin B","volume":"2","author":"Yasobu","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c00229","article-title":"Protease-responsive bitext editing biopolymer for breast cancer imaging in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1039\/C2SC21777E","article-title":"Dual-targeting delivery system for selective cancer cell death and imaging","volume":"4","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."}],"container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206826007613?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206826007613?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:43:51Z","timestamp":1787676231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045206826007613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0045206826007613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-2068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-2068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dual-masked cathepsin B-activated 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs with enhanced photodynamic cytotoxicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.110225","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110225"}}