{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:17:01Z","timestamp":1774934221833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T10:21:22Z","timestamp":1152267682000},"page":"303-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Recent pharmacological advances in\u00a0paediatric analgesics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"B.J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01758.x","article-title":"Management of procedural pain in NICUs remains problematic","volume":"15","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00616.x","article-title":"Scaling for size: some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E475","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070248","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic studies in pediatrics: issues in design and analysis","volume":"7","author":"Meibohm","year":"2005","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01901.x","article-title":"Dose estimation for children","volume":"56","author":"Baber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200645010-00001","article-title":"Prediction of cytochrome p450-mediated hepatic drug clearance in neonates, infants and children: how accurate are available scaling methods?","volume":"45","author":"Bjorkman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199630050-00001","article-title":"A size standard for pharmacokinetics","volume":"30","author":"Holford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-13-9-1594","article-title":"Relations between age and weight and dosages of drugs","volume":"13","author":"Dawson","year":"1940","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5309.122","article-title":"A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology","volume":"276","author":"West","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5420.1677","article-title":"The fourth dimension of life: fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms","volume":"284","author":"West","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F25","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.89.1.F25","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of single dose intravenous propacetamol in neonates: effect of gestational age","volume":"89","author":"Allegaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01455.x","article-title":"Pediatric intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics: a population analysis","volume":"15","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0873-6","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in children and adolescents under major surgery","volume":"60","author":"Wurthwein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280100367","article-title":"Acetaminophen analgesia in children: placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy","volume":"57","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0756-x","article-title":"Intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates","volume":"60","author":"Allegaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01518.x","article-title":"Tolerance and analgesic efficacy of a new i.v. paracetamol solution in children after inguinal hernia repair","volume":"15","author":"Murat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0622-2","article-title":"Acetaminophen in cerebrospinal fluid in children","volume":"59","author":"van der Marel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01990.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous propacetamol in a former preterm infant","volume":"57","author":"Allegaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00052-5","article-title":"Nitric oxide releasing acetaminophen (nitroacetaminophen)","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.12.022","article-title":"Enhancement of fentanyl antinociception by subeffective doses of nitroparacetamol (NCX-701) in acute nociception and in carrageenan-induced monoarthritis","volume":"77","author":"Gaitan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703837","article-title":"A comparison of the effect of nitroparacetamol and paracetamol on liver injury","volume":"132","author":"Futter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705781","article-title":"Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: NO to the rescue","volume":"143","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705780","article-title":"Liver delivery of NO by NCX-1000 protects against acute liver failure and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by APAP in mice","volume":"143","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08892.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of intravenous ibuprofen in the premature newborn infant","volume":"86","author":"Aranda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(01)13478-8","article-title":"Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"70","author":"Van Overmeire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70387-2","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"134","author":"Scott","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02139.x","article-title":"Intravenous indometacin in preterm infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. A population pharmacokinetic study","volume":"58","author":"Smyth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.014","article-title":"Association between the CYP2C9 polymorphism and the drug metabolism phenotype","volume":"42","author":"Topic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.04.006","article-title":"Interindividual variability in ibuprofen pharmacokinetics is related to interaction of cytochrome P450 2C8 and 2C9 amino acid polymorphisms","volume":"76","author":"Garcia-Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1998.00086.x","article-title":"Clinically important pharmacokinetic drug\u2013drug interactions: role of cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"23","author":"Tanaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(97)90115-6","article-title":"Isoniazid acetylation metabolic ratio during maturation in children","volume":"62","author":"Pariente-Khayat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei170","article-title":"Tramadol disposition in the very young: an attempt to assess in vivo cytochrome P-450 2D6 activity","volume":"95","author":"Allegaert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00225-X","article-title":"Cisapride disposition in neonates and infants: in vivo reflection of cytochrome P450 3A4 ontogeny","volume":"74","author":"Kearns","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004268320","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in very premature neonates","volume":"44","author":"Gregoire","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh131","article-title":"Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing rofecoxib with dexketoprofen trometamol in surgical dentistry","volume":"92","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.12.004","article-title":"Subanalgesic doses of dexketoprofen and HCT-2037 (nitrodexketoprofen) enhance fentanyl antinociception in monoarthritic rats","volume":"80","author":"Gaitan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01232.x","article-title":"Diclofenac and metabolite pharmacokinetics in children","volume":"14","author":"van der Marel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0503300218","article-title":"A teenager with severe asthma exacerbation following ibuprofen","volume":"33","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000079618","article-title":"Effects of co-administration of ibuprofen-lysine on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in preterm infants during the first days of life","volume":"86","author":"Allegaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-1842-8","article-title":"The impact of ibuprofen on renal clearance in preterm infants is independent of the gestational age","volume":"20","author":"Allegaert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02530.x","article-title":"Limited predictability of amikacin clearance in extreme premature neonates at birth","volume":"61","author":"Allegaert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2004.05.024","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of ketorolac after congenital heart surgery","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01806.x","article-title":"Safety of ketorolac in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery","volume":"16","author":"Moffett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.07.035","article-title":"Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage by indomethacin in male preterm infants","volume":"145","author":"Ment","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003591.pub2","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy","author":"Cardwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01263.x","article-title":"Rofecoxib administration to paediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy","volume":"14","author":"Sheeran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000069507.93582.6E","article-title":"An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of administering rofecoxib for postoperative pain management","volume":"97","author":"Joshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei204","article-title":"Editorial I: postoperative NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors: cardiovascular risks and benefits","volume":"95","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000086459","article-title":"Selective COX-2 inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"42","author":"Krotz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C497","article-title":"Safety of COX-2 inhibitors in asthma patients with aspirin hypersensitivity","volume":"37","author":"West","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.05.032","article-title":"Theriac found? Nitric oxide-aspirin and the search for the universal cure","volume":"44","author":"Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh178","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of rectal tramadol in postoperative paediatric patients","volume":"93","author":"Zwaveling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430107.x","article-title":"The effects of tramadol on postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache after ENT surgery. A placebo-controlled comparison with equipotent doses of nalbuphine and pethidine","volume":"43","author":"van den Berg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200060010-00008","article-title":"Tramadol: a review of its use in perioperative pain","volume":"60","author":"Scott","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01738.x","article-title":"Use of tramadol in children","volume":"15","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01740.x","article-title":"Tramadol for pain relief in children undergoing herniotomy: a comparison with ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric blocks","volume":"16","author":"Khosravi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01827.x","article-title":"Tramadol vs. morphine during adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"16","author":"Hullett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000189613.61910.32","article-title":"The analgesic effect of tramadol after intravenous injection in healthy volunteers in relation to CYP2D6","volume":"102","author":"Enggaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90211-8","article-title":"The hypoalgesic effect of tramadol in relation to CYP2D6","volume":"60","author":"Poulsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib59","first-page":"109","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol drops for postoperative pain relief in children aged 4 to 7 years\u2014a pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Payne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth. Prog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.331","article-title":"Analgesia and sedation in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support: results from the NOPAIN trial. Neonatal Outcome and Prolonged Analgesia in Neonates","volume":"153","author":"Anand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16251-X","article-title":"Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates: primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomised trial","volume":"363","author":"Anand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1398","article-title":"Morphine, hypotension, and adverse outcomes among preterm neonates: who's to blame? Secondary results from the NEOPAIN trial","volume":"115","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh042","article-title":"Developmental pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites in neonates, infants and young children","volume":"92","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.30","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic relationships of morphine in neonates","volume":"51","author":"Chay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg121","article-title":"Age- and therapy-related effects on morphine requirements and plasma concentrations of morphine and its metabolites in postoperative infants","volume":"90","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2004.05.008","article-title":"Genetics and variability in opioid response","volume":"9","author":"Stamer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443140-00003","article-title":"Genetic predictors of the clinical response to opioid analgesics: clinical utility and future perspectives","volume":"43","author":"Lotsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.04.001","article-title":"How individual sensitivity to opiates can be predicted by gene analyses","volume":"26","author":"Ikeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199208000-00002","article-title":"Convulsions associated with pediatric regional anesthesia","volume":"75","author":"Berde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.01841.x","article-title":"Levobupivacaine caudal anaesthesia in children: a randomised double blind comparison with bupivacaine","volume":"16","author":"Frawley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01536.x","article-title":"Caudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: a prospective randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs. levobupivacaine 0.2%","volume":"15","author":"Ivani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000120162.42025.D0","article-title":"A comparison of epidural bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on postoperative analgesia and motor blockade","volume":"99","author":"De Negri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01778.x","article-title":"Age and size are the major covariates for prediction of levobupivacaine clearance in children","volume":"16","author":"Chalkiadis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01373.x","article-title":"Ropivacaine in neonates and infants: a population pharmacokinetic evaluation following single caudal block","volume":"14","author":"Rapp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.451017.x","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine following a single-shot caudal block of 1, 2 or 3\u00a0mg\/kg in children","volume":"45","author":"Bosenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00691.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ropivacaine following ilioinguinal\/iliohypogastric nerve block in children","volume":"11","author":"Dalens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01550.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ropivacaine for continuous epidural infusion in neonates and infants","volume":"15","author":"Bosenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01374.x","article-title":"Getting the best from pediatric pharmacokinetic data","volume":"14","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.12.026","article-title":"Neurofunctional deficits and potentiated apoptosis by neonatal NMDA antagonist administration","volume":"153","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.01.053","article-title":"The role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in ketamine-induced apoptosis in rat forebrain culture","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200504000-00030","article-title":"Of mice and men: should we extrapolate rodent experimental data to the care of human neonates?","volume":"102","author":"Soriano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200408000-00033","article-title":"Anesthetic agents and the immature brain: are these toxic or therapeutic?","volume":"101","author":"Anand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01140.x","article-title":"Does anaesthesia harm the developing brain\u2014evidence or speculation?","volume":"14","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706301","article-title":"Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain","volume":"146","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01475.x","article-title":"Ketamine and kids: an update","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01476.x","article-title":"Intraoperative low-dose S-ketamine has no preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major urological surgery in children","volume":"15","author":"Becke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000118109.12855.07","article-title":"Ketamine as adjuvant analgesic to opioids: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000140656.96085.2c","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine infusion as an adjuvant to morphine in a 2-year-old with severe cancer pain from metastatic neuroblastoma","volume":"26","author":"Tsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000160585.43587.5B","article-title":"Revising a dogma: ketamine for patients with neurological injury?","volume":"101","author":"Himmelseher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.060319","article-title":"Nitrous oxide inhalation is a safe and effective way to facilitate procedures in paediatric outpatient departments","volume":"90","author":"Ekbom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2003.11.037","article-title":"Nitrous oxide analgesia for minor pediatric surgical procedures: an effective alternative to conscious sedation?","volume":"39","author":"Burnweit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.10.016","article-title":"Nitrous oxide\u2013oxygen inhalation for outpatient otologic examination and minor procedures performed on the uncooperative child","volume":"69","author":"Fishman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000186427.07636.fc","article-title":"Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children receiving nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia","volume":"21","author":"Babl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aef284","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of codeine metabolism in an urban population of children and its implications for analgesic reliability","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1517\/14622416.2.3.177","article-title":"The pharmacogenetics of analgesia: toward a genetically-based approach to pain management","volume":"2","author":"Flores","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"}],"container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332206001077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332206001077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1760092604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332206001077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0753332206001077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recent pharmacological advances in\u00a0paediatric analgesics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.06.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}