{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:16:05Z","timestamp":1792977365971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]],"date-time":"2016-06-13T17:50:49Z","timestamp":1465840249000},"page":"677-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human toxoplasmosis\u2013Searching for novel chemotherapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6789-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Antczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Dzitko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4602-1902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henryka","family":"D\u0142ugo\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005100","article-title":"Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and humans","volume":"6","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.011","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"12","author":"Petersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Fetal. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)31053-7","article-title":"Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada,Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: prevention, screening, and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Paquet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00385","article-title":"Maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis, currently available and novel therapies in horizon","volume":"5","author":"Oz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090203","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis\u2014a global threat, Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries","volume":"9","author":"Flegr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.02.002","article-title":"Drug repurposing and human parasitic protozoan diseases","volume":"4","author":"Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100403","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic approaches to protozoa: coccidiae\u2014current level of knowledge and outlook","volume":"87","author":"Greif","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.331","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: new challenges for an old disease","volume":"26","author":"Bodaghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0055","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis. A Compressive Clinical Guide","first-page":"319","article-title":"Antitoxoplasma chemotherapy","author":"McCabe","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.005","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease","volume":"39","author":"Maenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000094","article-title":"Antibiotics for human toxoplasmosis: a systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"107","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0070","series-title":"Toxoplasma gondii. The Model Apicomplexan\u2014Perspectives and Methods","first-page":"505","article-title":"Toxoplasma as a model system for apicomplexan drug discovery","author":"Donald","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/37132","article-title":"A plastid organelle as a drug target in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"390","author":"Fichera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)31053-7","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: prevention, screening, and ttreatment","volume":"35","author":"Paquet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Obster. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1086\/590149","article-title":"Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"Montoya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.019","article-title":"Induction of sulfadiazine resistance in vitro in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"133","author":"Doliwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0095","series-title":"Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, Series Infectious Disease","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Drug resistance in Toxoplasma gondii","author":"Sims","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611796575876","article-title":"Drug target identification in intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasite","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407704-1.00007-5","article-title":"New approaches for the identification of drug targets in protozoan parasite","volume":"301","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.10.006","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: a simple high-throughput assay for drug screening in vitro","volume":"121","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1021\/jm061027h","article-title":"Highly efficient ligands for dihydrofolate reductase from Cryptosporidium hominis and Toxoplasma gondii inspired by structural analysis","volume":"50","author":"Pelphrey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970614n","article-title":"2,4-Diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine analogues of trimethoprim as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase","volume":"41","author":"Rosowsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1021\/jm980206z","article-title":"6-Substituted 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues of piritrexim as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from rat liver, Pneumocystis carinii, and Toxoplasma gondii and as antitumor agents","volume":"23","author":"Gangjee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1818","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibitor","volume":"17","author":"Ojo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1021\/jm4001314","article-title":"Optimizing small molecule inhibitors of calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 to prevent infection by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"56","author":"Lourido","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1021\/jm201713h","article-title":"Development of Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (TgCDPK1) inhibitors with potent anti-toxoplasma activity","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.011","article-title":"Designing selective inhibitors for calcium-dependent protein kinases in apicomplexans","volume":"36","author":"Hui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.005","article-title":"FDA-approved small molecule kinase inhibitors","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01236-15","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo effects of the bumped kinase inhibitor 1294 in the related cyst-forming apicomplexans Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum","volume":"59","author":"Winzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1021\/jm800201s","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationships of 7-deaza-6-benzylthioinosine analogues as ligands of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.07.035","article-title":"7-Deaza-6-benzylthioinosine analogues as subversive substrate of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase: activities and selective toxicities","volume":"76","author":"Al Safarjalani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9017724","article-title":"Identification and development of novel inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii enoyl reductase","volume":"53","author":"Tipparaju","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0175","first-page":"73","article-title":"The ultrastructural effects of sulfachloropyrazine on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites","volume":"8","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1021\/ml400208v","article-title":"Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii thymidylate synthase for opportunistic infections","volume":"4","author":"Zaware","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.4.439","article-title":"Gefitinib inhibits the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in HeLa cells","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.12.015","article-title":"Design synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfur-containing 1,1-bisphosphonic acids as antiparasitic agents","volume":"60","author":"Recher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22367","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.365833","article-title":"Inhibition of p-aminobenzoate and folate syntheses in plants and apicomplexan parasites by natural product rubresceine","volume":"287","author":"Camara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03832-14","article-title":"Triazole-based compound as a candidate to develop novel medicines to treat toxoplasmosis","volume":"58","author":"Dzitko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1794-1801.2005","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of aureobasidin A on Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"49","author":"Sonda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.08.004","article-title":"Thiolactomycin analogues as potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents","volume":"58","author":"Martins-Duarte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16345","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501523200","article-title":"Selective disruption of phosphatidylcholine metabolism of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii arrests its growth","volume":"280","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208069109","article-title":"Endochin-like quinolones are highly efficacious against acute and latent experimental toxoplasmosis","volume":"109","author":"Doggett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01899-12","article-title":"Inhibitors of eIF2\u03b1 dephosphorylation slow replication and stabilize latency in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"57","author":"Konrad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0416-9","article-title":"Unique feature of apicoplast DNA gyrases from Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"15","author":"Nagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00680-07","article-title":"Drugs designed to inhibit human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation treat Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection","volume":"51","author":"Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.11.005","article-title":"Selective anti-Toxoplasma gondii activities of azasterols","volume":"23","author":"Dantas-Leite","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl180","article-title":"Antiproliferative activities of two novel quinuclidine inhibitors against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro","volume":"58","author":"Martins-Duarte","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00868-12","article-title":"A focused small-molecule screen identifies 14 compounds with distinct effects on Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"56","author":"Kamau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.05.002","article-title":"6-trifluoromethyl-2-thiouracil possesses anti-Toxoplasma gondii effect in vitro and in vivo with low hepatotoxicity","volume":"143","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.08.008","article-title":"The potential of quinoline derivatives for the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"145","author":"Kadri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1021\/jm901857d","article-title":"Thiazole oxadiazole, and carboxamide derivatives of artemisinin are highly selective and potent inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"53","author":"Hencken","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01236-07","article-title":"Host cells participate in the in vitro effects of novel diamidine analogues against tachyzoites of the intracellular apicomplexan parasites Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"52","author":"Leepin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02446-12","article-title":"In vitro effects of novel ruthenium complexes in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites","volume":"57","author":"Barna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.05.017","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial activities of thiosemicarbazides 4-thiazolidinones and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles","volume":"45","author":"Liesen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9926","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19079926","article-title":"1,4-Disubstituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives are potent inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii proliferation","volume":"19","author":"Dzitko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2008.12.003","article-title":"Thioureides of 2-(phenoxymethyl)benzoic acid 4-R substituted: a novel class of anti-parasitic compounds","volume":"58","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.008","article-title":"A new type of pterocarpanquinone that affects Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro","volume":"186","author":"Portes Jde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.09.003","article-title":"New naphthoquinones and an alkaloid with in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH and EGS strains","volume":"132","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-193","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of \u03b2-carboline alkaloids as potential anti-Toxoplasma agents","volume":"6","author":"Alomar","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC. Res. Notes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3608-8","article-title":"Effects of dextran sulfates on the acute infection and growth stages of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"112","author":"Ishiwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611110","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn047","article-title":"A new combined flow-cytometry-based assay reveals excellent activity against Toxoplasma gondii and low toxicity of new bisphosphonates in vitro and in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Shubar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2005.09.054","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro activities of ferrocenic aminohydroxynaphthoquinones against Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"14","author":"Baramee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2012.098","article-title":"In vitro effects of Ivermectin and Sulphadiazine on Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"30","author":"Bilgin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Balkan. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.02.002","article-title":"Drug repurposing and protozoan diseases","volume":"4","author":"Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002973","article-title":"Auranofin against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in an in vivo experimental model of acute toxoplasmosis","volume":"8","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02541-14","article-title":"Repurposing the open access malaria box to discover potent inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"58","author":"Boyom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22572","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.22572","article-title":"Effect of propranolol alone and in combination with pyrimethamine on acute murine toxoplasmosis","volume":"8","author":"Montazeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.06.005","article-title":"Could miltefosine be used as a therapy for toxoplasmosis","volume":"157","author":"Eissa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02446-12","article-title":"In vitro effects of novel ruthenium complexes in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites","volume":"57","author":"Barna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0360","first-page":"107","article-title":"Tea Artemisia annua inhibits Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected in Pikine, Senegal","volume":"7","author":"Gueye","year":"2013","journal-title":"African J. Biochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.04.010","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: effects of Artemisia annua L. on susceptibility to infection in experimental models in vitro and in vivo","volume":"122","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1645\/13-451.1","article-title":"A thiazole derivative of artemisinin moderately reduces Toxoplasma gondii burden in infected mice","volume":"100","author":"Schultz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.012","article-title":"Anti-Toxoplasma gondii RH strain activity of herbal extracts used in traditional medicine","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-91","article-title":"In vitro anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of root extract\/fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack","volume":"12","author":"Kavitha","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC. Complement Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"007","DOI":"10.12729\/jbr.2014.15.1.007","article-title":"Anti-toxoplasmosis effect of Dictamnus dasycarpus extract against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.2273","article-title":"Anti-toxoplasmosis effects of oleuropein isolated from Fraxinus rhychophylla","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcbee.2012.06.017","article-title":"Anti-parasitic activity of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential oil against Toxoplasma gondii parasite","volume":"2","author":"Pillai","year":"2012","journal-title":"APCBEE Procedia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20334","article-title":"The Karlson lecture. Phytoecdysteroids: what use are they","volume":"72","author":"Dinan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.223","article-title":"Antibabesial activity of protoberberine alkaloids and 20-hydroxyecdysone from Arcangelisia flava against Babesia gibsoni in culture","volume":"67","author":"Subeki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1019-7","article-title":"Phytoecdysteroids as modulators of the Toxoplasma gondii growth rate in human and mouse cells","volume":"8","author":"Dzitko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.03.011","article-title":"A protein extract and a cysteine protease inhibitor enriched fraction from Jatropha curcas seed cake have in vitro anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity","volume":"153","author":"Soares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0420","first-page":"6355","article-title":"Oral administration of encapsulated bovine lactoferrin protein nanocapsules against intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Anand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2015.023","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of drugs acting on Toxoplasma gondii combined with immunomodulators","volume":"69","author":"K\u00f6ksal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jap. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.09.004","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on Toxoplasma gondii loads in susceptible WT C57Bl\/6 mice as an immunocompetent model","volume":"65","author":"Belal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001776","article-title":"The adaptive potential of a survival artist: characterization of the in vitro interactions of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with di-cationic compounds in human fibroblast cell cultures","volume":"139","author":"Kropf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4759-6","article-title":"Effect of Nigella sativa oil on experimental toxoplasmosis","volume":"115","author":"Mady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332216301706?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332216301706?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:03:23Z","timestamp":1777878203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332216301706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S0753332216301706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human toxoplasmosis\u2013Searching for novel chemotherapeutics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}