{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:58:26Z","timestamp":1792601906930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T18:30:33Z","timestamp":1483036233000},"page":"82-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel elastic liposome for skin delivery of papain and its application on hypertrophic scar"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Yan-Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Hui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Wei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Juan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0005","first-page":"523","article-title":"Pathological scarring: strategic interventions","volume":"168","author":"O'Leary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-006-0651-7","article-title":"Quality of life of patients with keloid and hypertrophic scarring","volume":"297","author":"Bock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2008.07.016","article-title":"Prevention and curative management of hypertrophic scar formation","volume":"35","author":"Bloemen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns J. Int. Soc. Burn Injuries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60617-4","article-title":"A review on medicinal properties of Carica papaya Linn","volume":"5","author":"Vij","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1021\/np50020a002","article-title":"Antibacterial substance from carica papaya fruit extract","volume":"45","author":"Emeruwa","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0030","first-page":"7","article-title":"Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya","volume":"1","author":"Aravind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0035","volume":"vol. 31","author":"Ionescu","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0040","first-page":"635","article-title":"Antioxidant and gelatinolytic activities of papain from papaya latex and bromelain from pineapple fruits","volume":"41","author":"Manosroi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chiang Mai J. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0045","first-page":"83","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of enzymatic debriding agents for removal of necrotic tissue and promotion of healing in porcine skin wounds","volume":"10","author":"Hebda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wounds A Compendium Clin. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2010.596.603","article-title":"Efficacy of papain-based wound cleanser in promoting wound regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Ajlia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci. Pjbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti \u2212 oxidant coated liposome as the delivery system for papain based natural cosmetics","author":"Roslan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Conf. Enabling Sci. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.12.010","article-title":"Transdermal absorption enhancement of papain loaded in elastic niosomes incorporated in gel for scar treatment","volume":"48","author":"Manosroi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2012.1458","article-title":"Toxicity reduction and MMP-2 stimulation of papain and bromelain loaded in elastic niosomes","volume":"8","author":"Manosroi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-0344(01)00088-0","article-title":"Enzymes inside lipid vesicles: preparation, reactivity and applications","volume":"18","author":"Walde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomol. Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3109\/02652040309178089","article-title":"Chitosan microparticle preparation for controlled drug release by response surface methodology","volume":"20","author":"Ko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Microencapsulation Micro Nano Carriers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.023","article-title":"Optimization of polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer by RSM and its anti-oxidant activity","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00576-2","article-title":"Elasticity of vesicles assessed by electron spin resonance, electron microscopy and extrusion measurements","volume":"217","author":"Bergh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0090","first-page":"234","article-title":"Effect of asiaticoside on hypertrophic scar in the rabbit ear model","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01015.x","article-title":"Effect of asiaticoside on hypertrophic scar in the rabbit ear model","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1067-1927.2004.0abstractau.x","article-title":"Retroviral Delivery of A Dominant Negative TGF-beta Receptor II Mitigates Scar in a Rabbit Model of Scar Hypertrophy","volume":"12","author":"Reid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regener."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009097","article-title":"Statistical optimization of lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of methyloleate by response surface methodology","volume":"22","author":"Murthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioprocess. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0110","series-title":"Application of Liposomes in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation","author":"Hou","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of traditional Chinese medicine preparation in targeting drug delivery system","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00441-X","article-title":"Oestradiol skin delivery from ultradeformable liposomes: refinement of surfactant concentration","volume":"96","author":"El Maghraby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1208\/pt030432","article-title":"The effect of cosolvents on the formulation of nanoparticles from low-molecular-weight poly(I)lactide","volume":"3","author":"Peltonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aaps Pharmscitech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0130","first-page":"272","article-title":"Entrapment enhancement of peptide drugs in niosomes","volume":"7","author":"Mockov\u010diakov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Microencapsulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00006-4","article-title":"Lipophilic drug derivatives in liposomes","volume":"65","author":"Gulati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Int. J. Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.07.021","article-title":"The use of PEGylated liposomes to prolong circulation lifetimes of tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"0","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v26.i2.50","article-title":"Innovative drug delivery strategies for topical photodynamic therapy using porphyrin precursors","volume":"26","author":"Morrow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0150","first-page":"225","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro percutaneous enhancement effect of papain and pequi oil on diclofenac sodium permeation through human skin\/Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o in vitro da papa\u00edna e do \u00f3leo de pequi como promotores de permea\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea para diclofenaco de s\u00f3dio em p","volume":"44","author":"Lopes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rbcf Rev.bras.ci\u00eanc.farm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0155","series-title":"Effect of formulation variables on characteristics of pioglitazone maleate microspheres","author":"Dhakar","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00415-4","article-title":"The in vivo and in vitro interactions of elastic and rigid vesicles with human skin","volume":"573","author":"Honeywell-Nguyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0165","first-page":"105","article-title":"Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar","volume":"45","author":"Ehrlich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0170","first-page":"816","article-title":"TGF-beta signaling and the fibrotic response","volume":"8","author":"Leask","year":"2004","journal-title":"Faseb J. Off. Pub. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17058","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100754200","article-title":"Identification of novel TGF-\u03b2\/Smad gene targets in dermal fibroblasts using a combined cDNA microarray\/promoter transactivation approach","volume":"276","author":"Verrecchia","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6659","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/37284","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signalling from cell to nucleus through SMAD proteins","volume":"390","author":"Heldin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19945","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102382200","article-title":"Functional characterization of transforming growth factor beta signaling in Smad2- and Smad3-deficient fibroblasts","volume":"76","author":"Piek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2003.12.006","article-title":"TGF-beta-induced SMAD signaling and gene regulation: consequences for extracellular matrix remodeling and wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Schiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01072","article-title":"The structural basis of TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic protein, and activin ligand binding","volume":"132","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0200","first-page":"697","article-title":"Abnormal nuclear factor (NF)\u2010(B signal pathway and aspirin inhibits tumor necrosis factor \u03b1\u2013Induced NF\u2010(B activation in keloid fibroblasts","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.01.011","article-title":"The protective effect of CDDO-Me on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332216320911?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332216320911?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:44:51Z","timestamp":1785336291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332216320911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0753332216320911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel elastic liposome for skin delivery of papain and its application on hypertrophic scar","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.076","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}