{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:44:46Z","timestamp":1786509886151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010854","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2017011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2017011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013059","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QNRC2016432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNRC2016432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T09:03:25Z","timestamp":1536138205000},"page":"1556-1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Berberine treatment reduces atherosclerosis by mediating gut microbiota in apoE-\/- mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Yafei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangjin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146","article-title":"Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"473","author":"Libby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302721","article-title":"Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture","volume":"114","author":"Bentzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.152","article-title":"Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Cosselman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.183","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in atherosclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Jonsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.309715","article-title":"Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"120","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx342","article-title":"Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide as cardiovascular risk biomarker: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Schiattarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.016","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes atherosclerosis via CD36-dependent MAPK\/JNK pathway","volume":"97","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.05.068","article-title":"Current knowledge and pharmacological profile of berberine: an update","volume":"761","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00362","article-title":"Rhizoma coptidis: a potential cardiovascular protective agent","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25436","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025436","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase is required for berberine-induced reduction of atherosclerosis in mice: the role of uncoupling protein 2","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12516","article-title":"Berberine activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma to increase atherosclerotic plaque stability in Apoe(-\/-) mice with hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0326-7","article-title":"Berberine derivatives reduce atherosclerotic plaque size and vulnerability in apoE(-\/-) mice","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.023","article-title":"Berberine treatment increases Akkermansia in the gut and improves high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apoe(-\/-) mice","volume":"268","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.03.022","article-title":"Determination of berberine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry","volume":"44","author":"Hua","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.01.033","article-title":"Acute toxicity of berberine and its correlation with the blood concentration in mice","volume":"48","author":"Kheir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.033936","article-title":"Extensive intestinal first-pass elimination and predominant hepatic distribution of berberine explain its low plasma levels in rats","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024520","article-title":"Effects and action mechanisms of berberine and Rhizoma coptidis on gut microbes and obesity in high-fat diet-fed C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.05.047","article-title":"Exposure to particulate matter induces cardiomyocytes apoptosis after myocardial infarction through NFkappaB activation","volume":"488","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6659","article-title":"Senescent intimal foam cells are deleterious at all stages of atherosclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Childs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.3.695-700.1993","article-title":"Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA","volume":"59","author":"Muyzer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57981","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19853","article-title":"Premature senescence of cardiac fibroblasts and atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214","article-title":"Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice","volume":"341","author":"Ridaura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0125","first-page":"94","article-title":"Berberine: therapeutic potential of an alkaloid found in several medicinal plants","volume":"2","author":"Birdsall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.080","article-title":"Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease","volume":"136","author":"Neish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.32672","article-title":"Analysis of gut microbiota in coronary artery disease patients: a possible link between gut microbiota and coronary artery disease","volume":"23","author":"Emoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-016-0841-y","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiota profiles in coronary artery disease patients using data mining analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism: gut microbiota could be a diagnostic marker of coronary artery disease","volume":"32","author":"Emoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolite TMAO enhances platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis risk","volume":"165","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0150","first-page":"814","article-title":"Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide in acute coronary syndromes: a prognostic marker for incident cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.617","article-title":"Prognostic value of elevated levels of intestinal microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide in patients with heart failure: refining the gut hypothesis","volume":"64","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002767","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002767","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes vascular inflammation through signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB","volume":"5","author":"Seldin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.017","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via activating ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"481","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160244","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide in atherogenesis: impairing endothelial self-repair capacity and enhancing monocyte adhesion","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200033489505","article-title":"Biochemical and clinical aspects of the human flavin-containing monooxygenase form 3 (FMO3) related to trimethylaminuria","volume":"4","author":"Cashman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.76","article-title":"Berberine promotes the development of atherosclerosis and foam cell formation by inducing scavenger receptor A expression in macrophage","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2018.00021","article-title":"Toxicological effects of berberine and sanguinarine","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218324715?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218324715?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T02:32:33Z","timestamp":1766025153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332218324715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0753332218324715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Berberine treatment reduces atherosclerosis by mediating gut microbiota in apoE-\/- mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.148","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}