{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:58:37Z","timestamp":1790827117763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UGC-BSR and DST-FIST","award":["SR\/FST\/LSI-545\/2012(C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/FST\/LSI-545\/2012(C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T05:51:15Z","timestamp":1538113875000},"page":"1048-1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunotherapeutic potential of Codonopsis clematidea and naringenin against visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhbir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2192-4","article-title":"A severe case of visceral leishmaniasis and liposomal amphotericin B treatment failure in an immunosuppressed patient 15 years after exposure","volume":"17","author":"Eichenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0010","article-title":"Developing a vaccine for leishmaniasis: how biology shapes policy","volume":"137","author":"Muller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening."},{"issue":"2011","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/343961","article-title":"Evasion of host defence by Leishmania donovani: subversion of signaling pathways","author":"Shadab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2015.03.017","article-title":"Vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis: a review","volume":"422","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001974","article-title":"Leishmania donovani develops resistance to drug combinations","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00311.x","article-title":"Immune response to Leishmania: paradox rather than paradigm","volume":"51","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.07.004","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the pathogenesis of human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"28","author":"Nylen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0040","series-title":"In Vivo Antileishmanial Activity of Plant-Based Secondary Metabolites, Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts","first-page":"95","author":"Passero","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003321","article-title":"Th1-biased immunomodulation and therapeutic potential of Artemisia annua in murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Islamuddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201201316","article-title":"The lignan niranthin poisons Leishmania donovani topoisomerase IB and favors a Th1 immune response in mice","volume":"4","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00626","article-title":"Leishmanicidal activities of Artemisia annua leaf essential oil against visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"Islamuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03997-14","article-title":"Antileishmanial effect of 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetinic acid is mediated by toll-like receptor-dependent canonical and noncanonical p38 activation","volume":"59","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.02.039","article-title":"Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis: a review","volume":"219","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of naringenin","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00869.x","article-title":"Antidiabetic and toxicological evaluations of naringenin in normoglycaemic and NIDDM rat models and its implications on extra\u2010pancreatic glucose regulation","volume":"10","author":"Ortiz\u2010Andrade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0080","first-page":"125","article-title":"Modified media for in vitro cultivation of Leishmania promastigotes. A comparative study","volume":"18","author":"Rao","year":"1984","journal-title":"PGI Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0085","series-title":"Phytochemical Methods, a Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis","author":"Harborne","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.05.104","article-title":"Phenolics and antioxidant properties of bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) pomace","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.08.070","article-title":"Antioxidants and proteins in ethylene-treated kiwifruits","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/protex.2012.055","article-title":"Estimation of total terpenoids concentration in plant tissues using a monoterpene, Linalool as standard reagent","author":"Ghorai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protoc. Exch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0105","first-page":"25","article-title":"Identification and quantification of Quercetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin by RP LC\u2013DAD in honey samples from B&H","volume":"40","author":"Kurtagic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Technol. Bosnia Herzegovina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0110","article-title":"Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability","volume":"21","author":"Strober","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0224-7","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and imbalance of calcium homeostasis contributes to curcumin induced programmed cell death in Leishmania donovani","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22470","article-title":"Lebein, a snake venom disintegrin, suppresses human colon cancer cells proliferation and tumor\u2010induced angiogenesis through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and inhibition of VEGF expression","volume":"56","author":"Zakraoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01234480","article-title":"A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing","volume":"54","author":"Lorke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0130","series-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185606","article-title":"Real-time PCR in detection and quantitation of Leishmania donovani for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis patients and the monitoring of their response to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.008","article-title":"Induction of cellular and humoral responses by autoclaved and heat-killed antigen of Leishmania donovani in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"58","author":"Nagill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.05.002","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of biopolymeric fraction RLJ-NE-205 from Picrorhiza kurroa","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0150","series-title":"Histochemistry. Theoretical and Applied","author":"Pearse","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0155","first-page":"6355","article-title":"Oral administration of encapsulated bovine lactoferrin protein nanocapsules against intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Anand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5533","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of lycopene against PTZ\u2010induced kindling seizures in mice: possible behavioural, biochemical and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.05.025","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids fisetin, luteolin and their derived compounds inhibit arginase, a central enzyme in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection","volume":"141","author":"Manjolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2011.04.001","article-title":"Antimalarial activity of new acridinone derivatives","volume":"65","author":"Fernandez-Calienes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01368","article-title":"Leishmanicidal activity of Piper nigrum bioactive fractions is interceded via apoptosis in vitro and substantiated by Th1 immunostimulatory potential in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Chouhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005011","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic potential of eugenol emulsion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"10","author":"Islamuddin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.18-27.1998","article-title":"Regional differences in the cellular immune response to experimental cutaneous or visceral infection with Leishmania donovani","volume":"66","author":"Melby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.12.006","article-title":"Tinospora cordifolia as a protective and immunomodulatory agent in combination with cisplatin against murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"137","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.11.012","article-title":"Withania somnifera chemotype NMITLI 101R significantly increases the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs by generating strong IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12 mediated immune responses in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters","volume":"24","author":"Tripathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301810","article-title":"Programmed death 1-mediated T cell exhaustion during visceral leishmaniasis impairs phagocyte function","volume":"191","author":"Esch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3681","article-title":"B cell-deficient mice are highly resistant to Leishmania donovani infection, but develop neutrophil-mediated tissue pathology","volume":"164","author":"Smelt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001629","article-title":"Evaluation of nephroprotective and immunomodulatory activities of antioxidants in combination with cisplatin against murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3393","article-title":"Naringenin: a potential immunomodulator for inhibiting lung fibrosis and metastasis","volume":"69","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/102457","article-title":"Flavonoid naringenin: a potential immunomodulator for Chlamydia trachomatis inflammation","volume":"2013","author":"Yilma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.03.004","article-title":"Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Leishmaniasis","volume":"18","author":"Sen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2631625","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase activation by RuNO complex","volume":"2016","author":"Marcusso Orsini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737586","article-title":"A novel form of NF\u2010\u03baB is induced byLeishmania infection: Involvement in macrophage gene expression","volume":"38","author":"Gregory","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218351898?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218351898?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T06:54:09Z","timestamp":1777272849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332218351898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0753332218351898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunotherapeutic potential of Codonopsis clematidea and naringenin against visceral leishmaniasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.104","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}