{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:07Z","timestamp":1792785007380,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Atomic Energy-Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences","award":["2012\/35\/17\/BRNS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/35\/17\/BRNS"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02m388s04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T12:28:49Z","timestamp":1553344129000},"page":"108770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhanced skin permeation of Methotrexate from penetration enhancer containing vesicles: In vitro optimization and in vivo evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Bhakti","family":"Sadarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalaka","family":"Paradkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satbir","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3387-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhabani","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31472-1","article-title":"Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"389","author":"McInnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834518a3","article-title":"Pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Cooles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36389","article-title":"Evidence that cytokines play a role in rheumatoid arthritis, J Clin","volume":"118","author":"Brennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0020","first-page":"286","article-title":"Extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maedica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2014.959238","article-title":"Methotrexate: a gold standard for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Shinde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.8.729","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Cutolo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08213-2","article-title":"Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328329c79d","article-title":"An update on methotrexate","volume":"21","author":"Braun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(94)90027-2","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate in rheumatic diseases \u2013 efficacy, side effects, and risk factors for side effects","volume":"23","author":"Schnabel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(98)80049-8","article-title":"Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: an update with focus on mechanisms involved in toxicity","volume":"27","author":"Van Ede","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr11606e","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery: from micro to nano","volume":"4","author":"Pegoraro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.09.058","article-title":"Effect of DC\/mDC iontophoresis and terpenes on transdermal permeation of methotrexate: in vitro study","volume":"333","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.10.006","article-title":"Deformable liposomes for dermal administration of methotrexate","volume":"270","author":"Trotta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2012.05.016","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of the anti-rheumatic agent methotrexate using a solid-in-oil nanocarrier","volume":"82","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.12.061","article-title":"Nanostructured lipid carrier mediates effective delivery of methotrexate to induce apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis via NF-\u03baB and FOXO1","volume":"499","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S85999","article-title":"Study of magnetic silk fibroin nanoparticles for massage-like transdermal drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0085","first-page":"261","article-title":"Intrarticular methotrexate in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"80","author":"Franchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Recenti Prog. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.6.727","article-title":"Transfersomes for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"3","author":"Benson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.02.024","article-title":"Interactions of surfactants (edge activators) and skin penetration enhancers with liposomes","volume":"276","author":"El Maghraby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2006.12.005","article-title":"Liposomal drugs dispersed in hydrogels: effect of liposome, drug and gel properties on drug release kinetics","volume":"55","author":"Mourtas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.6.505","article-title":"Development and validation of a fast RP-HPLC method for determination of methotrexate entrapment efficiency in polymeric nanocapsules","volume":"46","author":"Sartori","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00361-0","article-title":"Lecithin vesicular carriers for transdermal delivery of cyclosporin A","volume":"194","author":"Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.05.042","article-title":"LeciPlex, invasomes, and liposomes: A skin penetration study","volume":"490","author":"Shah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0120","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of small interfering RNA with elastic cationic liposomes in mice","volume":"2013","author":"Hattori","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. (Cairo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.04.023","article-title":"Propranolol hydrochloride-loaded liposomal gel for transdermal delivery: characterization and in vivo evaluation","volume":"487","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0890114","article-title":"The preparation of 131I-labelled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity","volume":"89","author":"Greenwood","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Collagen\u2010Induced Arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Rosloniec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.06.028","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Caragana pruinosa Kom. roots extract on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"191","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35163","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35163","article-title":"Intraarticular overexpression of Smad7 ameliorates experimental arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.089","article-title":"In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy of Camellia sinensis (L.) in collagen induced arthritis model","volume":"87","author":"Tanwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9511-1","article-title":"Pharmaceutical quality by design: product and process development, understanding, and control","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00183-2","article-title":"Particle size of liposomes influences dermal delivery of substances into skin","volume":"258","author":"Verma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(94)90178-3","article-title":"The influence of particle size of liposomes on the deposition of drug into skin","volume":"103","author":"du Plessis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0170","first-page":"4331","article-title":"Experimental design and optimization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded nanotransfersomes for transdermal application","volume":"9","author":"Mahmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.08.005","article-title":"Dermal and transdermal delivery of an anti-psoriatic agent via ethanolic liposomes","volume":"123","author":"Dubey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0180","first-page":"2431","article-title":"Preparation and clinical evaluation of nano-transferosomes for treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.902146","article-title":"Novel carbopol-based transfersomal gel of 5-fluorouracil for skin cancer treatment: in vitro characterization and in vivo study","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.07.012","article-title":"A quality by design (QbD) case study on liposomes containing hydrophilic API: I. Formulation, processing design and risk assessment","volume":"419","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.01.045","article-title":"Physico-chemical characteristics of methotrexate-entrapped oleic acid-containing deformable liposomes for in vitro transepidermal delivery targeting psoriasis treatment","volume":"427","author":"Srisuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0200","series-title":"Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical MetHods in Penetration Enhancement","first-page":"39","article-title":"Deformable (transfersome\u00ae) vesicles for improved drug delivery into and through the skin","author":"Cevc","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.03.030","article-title":"Design, formulation and optimization of novel soft nano-carriers for transdermal olmesartan medoxomil delivery: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment","volume":"505","author":"Kamran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.01.011","article-title":"Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment","volume":"443","author":"Ahad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(96)01347-8","article-title":"Effects of phospholipids on the percutaneous penetration of drugs through the dorsal skin of the guinea pig, in vitro. 3. The effects of phospholipids on several drugs having different polarities","volume":"42","author":"Yokomizo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(90)90111-Z","article-title":"Interaction of Triton X-100 and octyl glucoside with liposomal membranes at sublytic and lytic concentrations. Spectroscopic studies","volume":"1022","author":"Lasch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(01)00369-8","article-title":"New, highly efficient formulation of diclofenac for the topical, transdermal administration in ultradeformable drug carriers, Transfersomes","volume":"1514","author":"Cevc","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22292","article-title":"Optimization and formulation design of gels of Diclofenac and Curcumin for transdermal drug delivery by Box-Behnken statistical design","volume":"100","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.914027","article-title":"Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats","volume":"11","author":"Ahad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.12.003","article-title":"Visualization of ultradeformable liposomes penetration pathways and their skin interaction by confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"441","author":"Subongkot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.03.068","article-title":"Penetration enhancer containing vesicles as carriers for dermal delivery of tretinoin","volume":"412","author":"Manconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.931484","article-title":"A novel vesicular transdermal delivery of nifedipine - preparation, characterization and in vitro\/in-vivo evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Yasam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510150506","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of methotrexate after intravenous administration of methotrexate-loaded proliposomes to rats","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biopharm. Drug Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of transfersome and protransfersome for percutaneous delivery of cisplatin in hairless mice","volume":"5","author":"Miatmoko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9909-y","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.03.005","article-title":"Gallium nitrate ameliorates type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.04.032","article-title":"Enhanced anti-rheumatic activity of methotrexate-entrapped ultradeformable liposomal gel in adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model","volume":"525","author":"Zeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X1450044X","article-title":"Effects of cichoric acid extract from Echinacea purpurea on collagen-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"42","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0285","article-title":"Anti-arthritic activity of bartogenic acid isolated from fruits of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.(Lecythidaceae)","volume":"6","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2094","article-title":"Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"McInnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2012.10.004","article-title":"Should modern imaging be part of remission criteria in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"26","author":"Haavardsholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.835325","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Withania somnifera root on collagen-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37816","article-title":"Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate: twelve-month data from a twenty-four-month phase III randomized radiographic study","volume":"65","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2016.1259729","article-title":"Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats","volume":"27","author":"Wedekind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.08.040","article-title":"Protective effects of a blueberry extract in acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis in the rat","volume":"83","author":"Figueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.02.010","article-title":"Understanding the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"455","author":"Mateen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomag.2014.04.007","article-title":"Anti-arthritic activity of methanol extract of Cyathocline purpurea (whole plant) in Freund\u2019s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"4","author":"Bihani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Aging Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.976891","article-title":"Elastic liposome-based gel for topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil: in vitro and in vivo investigation","volume":"23","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.03.020","article-title":"Design and optimization of topical methotrexate loaded niosomes for enhanced management of psoriasis: Application of Box\u2013Behnken design, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo skin deposition study","volume":"485","author":"Abdelbary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342050-00004","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery of insulin with ultradeformable carriers","volume":"42","author":"Cevc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22264","article-title":"Yohimbine hydrochloride ameliorates collagen type-II-induced arthritis targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in Wistar rats","volume":"32","author":"Neha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2013.07.004","article-title":"Piperine ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in collagen induced arthritis","volume":"284","author":"Umar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218348893?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332218348893?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:33:44Z","timestamp":1781523224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332218348893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0753332218348893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhanced skin permeation of Methotrexate from penetration enhancer containing vesicles: In vitro optimization and in vivo evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108770","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108770"}}