{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:58:21Z","timestamp":1793674701606,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]],"date-time":"2019-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010261","name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["151044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010097","name":"China Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CACM-2017-QNRC2-C13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CACM-2017-QNRC2-C13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81473456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81473456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81822049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81822049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z171100001117028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z171100001117028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T22:58:37Z","timestamp":1569711517000},"page":"109487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ginsenoside Rb3 regulates energy metabolism and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via activating PPAR\u03b1 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengrong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7752","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00983-4","article-title":"A mouse model for the most common form of heart failure","volume":"568","author":"Amgalan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1496-z","article-title":"The effect of Chinese herbs and its effective components on coronary heart disease through PPARs-PGC1alpha pathway","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.08.001","article-title":"Cardiac metabolism - A promising therapeutic target for heart failure","volume":"182","author":"Noordali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113464","article-title":"Elucidating the beneficial role of PPAR agonists in cardiac diseases","volume":"19","author":"Khuchua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn282","article-title":"Metabolic remodelling of the failing heart: beneficial or detrimental?","volume":"81","author":"van Bilsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001469","article-title":"Energy metabolic reprogramming in the hypertrophied and early stage failing heart: a multisystems approach","volume":"7","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2011.08.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiratory control and early defects of oxidative phosphorylation in the failing human heart","volume":"43","author":"Lemieux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045104","article-title":"Depressed mitochondrial transcription factors and oxidative capacity in rat failing cardiac and skeletal muscles","volume":"551","author":"Garnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1722","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00159.2006","article-title":"NHE-1 inhibition improves cardiac mitochondrial function through regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis during postinfarction remodeling","volume":"291","author":"Javadov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.035","article-title":"Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis is a maladaptive mechanism in mitochondrial cardiomyopathies","volume":"50","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2837","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart","volume":"94","author":"Sack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22293","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000248200","article-title":"Constitutive regulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha associated with age-dependent cardiac toxicity","volume":"275","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.534594","article-title":"Decreased contractile and metabolic reserve in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-null hearts can be rescued by increasing glucose transport and utilization","volume":"112","author":"Luptak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10981","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.607960","article-title":"Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) protein attenuates doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial respiration in H9c2 cardiomyocytes","volume":"290","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803790105","article-title":"A role for the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 in regulating energy homeostasis","volume":"105","author":"Ahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14608","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111308108","article-title":"Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling via altered mitochondrial oxidation and reactive oxygen species production","volume":"108","author":"Jing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214522177","article-title":"Exenatide protects against hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function in H9c2 cells","volume":"239","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2015.04.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial Lon protease controls ROS-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocyte under hypoxia","volume":"23","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2012-0412","article-title":"Delayed cardioprotective effects of WY-14643 are associated with inhibition of MMP-2 and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins through PPAR-alpha activation in rat hearts subjected to global ischaemia-reperfusion","volume":"91","author":"Barlaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.03.035","article-title":"Effect of ginsenoside Rb3 on myocardial injury and heart function impairment induced by isoproterenol in rats","volume":"636","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070956","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rd attenuates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling and inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.002","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb3 protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury via activating the antioxidation signaling pathway of PERK\/Nrf2\/HMOX1","volume":"109","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00505","article-title":"BYD ameliorates oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis in heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction via the P38 MAPK-CRYAB signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36949","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36949","article-title":"Qishen granules inhibit myocardial inflammation injury through regulating arachidonic acid metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108599","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA protects against heart failure post-myocardial infarction via AMPKs\/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2011.1801","article-title":"Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities of a saponin extract derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17163-x","article-title":"QSKL protects against myocardial apoptosis on heart failure via PI3K\/Akt-p53 signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01209","article-title":"The effect of chinese medicine on lipid and glucose metabolism in acute myocardial infarction through PPARgamma pathway","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.052","article-title":"The role of cardiac energy metabolism in cardiac hypertrophy and failure","volume":"360","author":"Tuomainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21060781","article-title":"Two trichothecene mycotoxins from myrothecium roridum induce apoptosis of HepG-2 cells via caspase activation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"21","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.554845","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb3 ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"49","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12660","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb3 attenuates oxidative stress and preserves endothelial function in renal arteries from hypertensive rats","volume":"171","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0165","first-page":"12216","article-title":"Effects of PPARalpha\/PGC-1alpha on the energy metabolism remodeling and apoptosis in the doxorubicin induced mice cardiomyocytes in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1159\/000495969","article-title":"Targeting PPARalpha for the treatment and understanding of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn001","article-title":"Cardiac hypertrophy is enhanced in PPAR alpha-\/- mice in response to chronic pressure overload","volume":"78","author":"Smeets","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7508026","article-title":"The correlation of PPAR alpha activity and cardiomyocyte metabolism and structure in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy during heart failure progression","author":"Czarnowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0745-5","article-title":"Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Lahnwong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332219334262?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332219334262?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:11:35Z","timestamp":1778541095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332219334262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0753332219334262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rb3 regulates energy metabolism and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via activating PPAR\u03b1 pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109487","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109487"}}