{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:13:01Z","timestamp":1788433981779,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T04:13:25Z","timestamp":1589429605000},"page":"110267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emerging pharmacotherapies for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Rachana","family":"Salvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panini","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0005","article-title":"The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19): A Review","volume":"32","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18819","article-title":"SARS coronavirus: a new challenge for prevention and therapy","volume":"111","author":"Holmes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0015","article-title":"How to reduce the likelihood of coronavirus-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2) infection and lung inflammation mediated by IL-1","volume":"34","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0020","article-title":"Coronavirus COV-19\/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection","volume":"34","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: a systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01509-08","article-title":"Antiviral activity of chloroquine against human coronavirus OC43 infection in newborn mice","volume":"53","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01047","article-title":"Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anti-rheumatic drugs","author":"Georgiev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0050","series-title":"Therapeutic Options for Patients","first-page":"2002","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13940-6","article-title":"Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191","article-title":"First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States","volume":"382","author":"Holshue","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.012658","article-title":"Role of lopinavir\/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv392","article-title":"Treatment with lopinavir\/ritonavir or interferon-\u03b21b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset","volume":"212","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0075","first-page":"399","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir\/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0080","unstructured":"T. Food, Revised Information for Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma, Food and Drug Administration. 2 (2020) 1\u20134. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber\/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma (accessed May 17, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0085","article-title":"Potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: what we know so far","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc.: JCMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4783","article-title":"Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma","volume":"323","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA \u2013 J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0095","article-title":"Continuous intravenous anakinra infusion to calm the cytokine storm in macrophage activation syndrome","author":"Adam Monteagudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0100","unstructured":"\u2013 List Results Search of: filaggrin | Interventional Studies - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov, (n.d.). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/results?cond=COVID&term=&type=Intr&rslt=&age_v=&gndr=&intr=Interleukin+1&titles=&outc=&spons=&lead=&id=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=&locn=&rsub=&strd_s=&strd_e=&prcd_s=&prcd_e=&sfpd_s=&sfpd_e=&rfpd_s=&rfpd_e=&lupd_s=&lupd_e=&so (accessed May 17, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102452","article-title":"Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0110","series-title":"Assessment for Evidence of COVID Related Treatment","author":"ASHP","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0115","article-title":"Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies","volume":"34","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12612","article-title":"Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease","volume":"281","author":"van de Veerdonk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332220304595?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332220304595?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:22:58Z","timestamp":1777688578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332220304595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0753332220304595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emerging pharmacotherapies for COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110267","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110267"}}