{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T23:22:15Z","timestamp":1787440935191,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.846698\/2023\\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.846698\/2023\\u201301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.505971\/2020\\u201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.505971\/2020\\u201300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221538\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221538\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302268\/Z\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302268\/Z\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["142495\/2020\\u20134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142495\/2020\\u20134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Minas Gerais State Foundation of Support to the Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-04686\\u201322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-04686\\u201322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Minas Gerais State Foundation of Support to the Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["67355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["67355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Minas Gerais State Foundation of Support to the Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-01487\\u201322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01487\\u201322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S001026\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S001026\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V036904\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V036904\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:11:29Z","timestamp":1779196289000},"page":"119484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antiviral potential of galactose-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Vict\u00f3ria Riquena","family":"Grosche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor Andrade","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robinson","family":"Sabino-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8670-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel Junio Martins","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Rodrigues","family":"Roma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudener Souza","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Gomes","family":"Jardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.9734\/ajrid\/2020\/v5i130159","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): pathogenesis, immune responses, and treatment options","author":"Eswaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Res Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202000537","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, the pandemic coronavirus: molecular and structural insights","volume":"61","author":"Kadam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105820","article-title":"Identification of natural compounds as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors by molecular docking-based virtual screening with bio-layer interferometry","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38477-7","article-title":"Modelling the economic burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers in four countries","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00867-3","article-title":"Progress with COVID vaccine development and implementation","volume":"9","author":"Titball","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Vaccin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00692-8","article-title":"Accelerating antiviral drug discovery: lessons from COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"von Delft","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01818","article-title":"ACG. Antivirals Against Coronaviruses: Candidate Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment?","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.587269","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: structure, biology, and structure-based therapeutics development","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105514","article-title":"Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions","volume":"210","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antivir. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.06.001","article-title":"Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"46","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2023.102619","article-title":"Mechanism and evolution of human ACE2 binding by SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"81","author":"Wrobel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells","volume":"23","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111289","article-title":"Spike Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry of SARS Coronaviruses","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2020.10.006","article-title":"Human coronavirus spike protein-host receptor recognition","volume":"161","author":"Guruprasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wade H., Duan Q., Su Q. Interaction between Sars-CoV-2 structural proteins and host cellular receptors: From basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, 2022, p. 243\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2022.05.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2022.05.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01672-23","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike glycosylation affects function and neutralization sensitivity","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"80-","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9983","article-title":"Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"369","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03499-x","article-title":"Glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2: structural and functional insights","volume":"413","author":"Shajahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00545-2","article-title":"O-glycosylation pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reveals an \u201cO-Follow-N\u201d rule","volume":"31","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.629873","article-title":"Glycans of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in virus infection and antibody production","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03120-22","article-title":"Characterization and function of glycans on the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202201432","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein directly binds exogeneous sialic acids: a NMR View","volume":"134","author":"Unione","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib24","article-title":"O-glycosylation of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spike protein influences furin cleavage","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110827","article-title":"Structure-function and application of plant lectins in disease biology and immunity","volume":"134","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14055","article-title":"Lectins as antimicrobial agents","volume":"125","author":"Breitenbach Barroso Coelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.03.003","article-title":"Plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle","volume":"75","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.04.003","article-title":"Antiviral activity of carbohydrate-binding agents against Nidovirales in cell culture","volume":"76","author":"Vandermeer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091886","article-title":"Mannose-binding lectins as potent antivirals against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"15","author":"Grosche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050490","article-title":"The antiviral role of galectins toward influenza a virus infection\u2014an alternative strategy for influenza therapy","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01720-17","article-title":"GalNAc-specific soybean lectin inhibits hiv infection of macrophages through induction of antiviral factors","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib32","unstructured":"Brasileiro R.G. Vatairea Aubl. Hierarquia taxon\u00f4mica 2024. \u3008https:\/\/reflora.jbrj.gov.br\/reflora\/listaBrasil\/ConsultaPublicaUC\/BemVindoConsultaPublicaConsultar.do?invalidatePageControlCounter=1&idsFilhosAlgas=&idsFilhosFungos=&lingua=&grupo=5&genero=Vatairea&autor=&nomeVernaculo=&nomeCompleto=&formaVida=null&substr\u3009 (accessed August 6, 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17648\/heringeriana.v8i1.92","article-title":"Biologia reprodutiva de Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke (Fabaceae -Faboideae) em uma \u00e1rea de Cerrado no munic\u00ed\u00adpio de Chapadinha, MA, Brasil","volume":"8","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heringeriana"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-006-0124-8","article-title":"Vatairea macrocarpa (Leguminosae) lectin activates cultured macrophages to release chemotactic mediators","volume":"374","author":"Alencar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiede Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(98)00144-7","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a lectin from seeds of Vatairea macrocarpa duke","volume":"49","author":"Cavada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.12.011","article-title":"Lactose-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds induces in vivo angiogenesis via VEGF and TNF-\u0251 expression and modulates in vitro doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity","volume":"194","author":"V\u00e9ras","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib37","article-title":"Renal effects induced by the lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds","volume":"57","author":"Monteiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.2174\/09298665113209990049","article-title":"Isoform characterisation, heterologous expression and functional analysis of two lectins from vatairea macrocarpa","volume":"20","author":"Alves Filho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.132","article-title":"Is the orofacial antinociceptive effect of lectins intrinsically related to their specificity to monosaccharides?","volume":"161","author":"de Oliveira Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.207","article-title":"Dioclea violacea lectin modulates the gentamicin activity against multi-resistant strains and induces nefroprotection during antibiotic exposure","volume":"146","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2023.121806","article-title":"Exploring the copper(II) coordination to 2\u2032-hydroxy-4-benzyloxychalcone analogues and their potential pharmacological applications","volume":"560","author":"dos Santos Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1540934","article-title":"Kaurenoic acid is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, virion assembly, and release in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mca04es11","article-title":"Growth and Maintenance of Vero Cell Lines","author":"Ammerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib44","series-title":"Virol. Methods Man.","first-page":"25","article-title":"Virus isolation and quantitation","author":"Hierholzer","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001091","article-title":"A plasmid DNA-launched SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system and coronavirus toolkit for COVID-19 research","volume":"19","author":"Rihn","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.44","article-title":"Guidelines for cell viability assays","volume":"1","author":"Kamiloglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib47","unstructured":"Prism G. Compute EC anything from EC 50 n.d. \u3008https:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/quickcalcs\/ECanything2\/\u3009 (accessed July 30, 2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00243-9","article-title":"Amino acid sequence, glycan structure, and proteolytic processing of the lectin of Vatairea macrocarpa seeds","volume":"425","author":"Calvete","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001091","article-title":"A plasmid DNA-launched SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system and coronavirus toolkit for COVID-19 research","volume":"19","author":"Rihn","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25428","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202109965","article-title":"NMR Spectroscopy of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 and fragment-based screening identify three protein hotspots and an antiviral fragment","volume":"60","author":"Cantrelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2022.030","article-title":"Are the sparkle of hope for combating coronaviruses and the global COVID 19","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112507","article-title":"Plant lectins as prospective antiviral biomolecules in the search for COVID-19 eradication strategies","volume":"146","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666210830094743","article-title":"The Use of Lectins as Tools to Combat SARS-CoV-2","volume":"27","author":"Martinez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwaa099","article-title":"Exploring lectin\u2013glycan interactions to combat COVID-19: Lessons acquired from other enveloped viruses","volume":"31","author":"Nascimento da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.12.002","article-title":"High-resolution structure of a new Tn antigen-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa and a comparative analysis of Tn-binding legume lectins","volume":"59","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J. Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.12.016","article-title":"Structural characterization of a Vatairea macrocarpa lectin in complex with a tumor-associated antigen: A new tool for cancer research","volume":"72","author":"Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J. Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of Algae and Plant Lectins on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation in Clinically Relevant Bacteria and Yeasts","volume":"2014","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-9526-z","article-title":"The Galactose-Binding Lectin Isolated from vatairea macrocarpa seeds enhances the effect of antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus\u2013Resistant Strain","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib59","article-title":"Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2007","journal-title":"COVID-19 Resour. Cent. Is. hosted Elsevier Connect Co. \u2019 S. Public N. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-022-10094-4","article-title":"Plant lectins as versatile tools to fight coronavirus outbreaks","volume":"40","author":"Simplicien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/v8100296","article-title":"Griffithsin: an antiviral lectin with outstanding therapeutic potential","volume":"8","author":"Lusvarghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fehr A.R., Perlman S. Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis, 2015, p. 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.06.013","article-title":"Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00809-8","article-title":"The glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor ACE2","volume":"6","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.5.2326-2336.2006","article-title":"Glycosylation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus triple-spanning membrane proteins 3a and M","volume":"80","author":"Oostra","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040821","article-title":"Role of structural and non-structural proteins and therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202201432","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein directly binds exogeneous sialic acids: A NMR View","volume":"61","author":"Unione","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J. Spike (S) Glycoprotein N165A and N234A Mutant, 2023, p. 359\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-36773-1_10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36773-1_10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S., Ran W., Sun L., Fan Q., Zhao Y., Wang B., et al. Sequential glycosylations at the multibasic cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regulate viral activity. Nat Commun 2024;15:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48503-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48503-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011788","article-title":"Effects of N-glycan modifications on spike expression, virus infectivity, and neutralization sensitivity in ancestral compared to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"19","author":"Lusvarghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou Y.J., Okuda K., Edwards C.E., Randell S.H., Boucher R.C., Baric R.S. SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract ll 2020:429\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.042.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.042"},{"issue":"80-","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc1669","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes","volume":"369","author":"Lamers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901506106","article-title":"Scaleable manufacture of HIV-1 entry inhibitor griffithsin and validation of its safety and efficacy as a topical microbicide component","volume":"106","author":"O\u2019Keefe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064449","article-title":"Antiviral lectins from red and blue-green algae show potent in vitro and in vivo activity against hepatitis C Virus","volume":"8","author":"Takebe","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332226005202?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332226005202?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T22:50:21Z","timestamp":1787439021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332226005202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0753332226005202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiviral potential of galactose-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds against SARS-CoV-2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119484","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119484"}}