{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:26:53Z","timestamp":1790015213330,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015930","name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction for Power Grid Transmission and Distribution Equipmen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025SGAQZ-MS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SGAQZ-MS-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:44:06Z","timestamp":1784382246000},"page":"119730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tumor-associated fibrosis plays a role in cellular immunity across human diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Mengru","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zisen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051231","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts: mechanisms of tumor progression and novel therapeutic targets","volume":"14","author":"Czekay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2003-1","article-title":"Tumor-associated fibrosis as a regulator of tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy","volume":"66","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg3840","article-title":"The extracellular matrix as hallmark of cancer and metastasis: From biomechanics to therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Sleeboom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-3037","article-title":"Plasticity and functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"85","author":"Flynn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib5","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts: origin, classification, tumorigenicity, and targeting for cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-025-02074-x","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast driven paracrine IL-6\/STAT3 signaling promotes migration and dissemination in invasive lobular carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Bullock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib7","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Decoding tumor-fibrosis interplay: mechanisms, impact on progression, and innovative therapeutic strategies","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2019","article-title":"Diversity and biology of cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"101","author":"Biffi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05351-1","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03527-z","article-title":"Crosstalk between heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations and the immune system in breast cancer: key players and promising therapeutic targets","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib11","article-title":"EA: stromal content is correlated with tissue site, contrast retention, and survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"2018","author":"Torphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI181775","article-title":"VJJTJoCI: reactivation of CTLA4-expressing T cells accelerates resolution of lung fibrosis in a humanized mouse model","volume":"135","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53908-9","article-title":"KJNc: Cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes modulate the tumor-immune microenvironment and are associated with skin cancer malignancy","volume":"15","author":"Forsthuber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00201","article-title":"Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01099-2","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts as therapeutic targets for cancer: advances, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01236.x","article-title":"Proteoglycans in cancer biology, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Iozzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.202","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase enzymatic function increases stiffness to drive colorectal cancer progression through FAK","volume":"32","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2016.1161620","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the main extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes in collagen degradation, as a target for anticancer drugs","volume":"31","author":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska-Trypu\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.05.003","article-title":"Stromagenesis: The changing face of fibroblastic microenvironments during tumor progression","volume":"15","author":"Beacham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C885","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00322.2023","article-title":"Transglutaminases in fibrosis\u2014overview and recent advances","volume":"325","author":"Soltani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(03)00006-4","article-title":"Prolyl 4-hydroxylases, the key enzymes of collagen biosynthesis","volume":"22","author":"Myllyharju","year":"2003","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05411-4","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer","volume":"22","author":"Giarratana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990592","article-title":"PDGF\/PDGFR signaling and targeting in cancer growth and progression: Focus on tumor microenvironment and cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"20","author":"Gialeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2004.03.006","article-title":"Regulation of PDGF and its receptors in fibrotic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Bonner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75876","article-title":"The Role of IL-6 in Fibrotic Diseases: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00555-4","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus","volume":"18","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-016-0509-3","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling: modulation of cancer properies and tumor mircroenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Hanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.10.001","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion","volume":"349","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123358","article-title":"Fibroblast Yap\/Taz Signaling in Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis and Tissue Fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00635-w","article-title":"How chemokines organize the tumour microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Mempel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29864","article-title":"CXCL12\/CXCR4 activation by cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes integrin \u03b21 clustering and invasiveness in gastric cancer","volume":"138","author":"Izumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497026","article-title":"The role and therapeutic targeting of the CCL2\/CCR2 signaling axis in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5040041","article-title":"Signal Transduction Pathways of EMT Induced by TGF-\u03b2, SHH, and WNT and Their Crosstalks","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2327","article-title":"Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105910","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation in fibrosis progress","volume":"173","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04018-5","article-title":"Epigenetics as a versatile regulator of fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib37","article-title":"Metabolic pathways fuelling protumourigenic cancer-associated fibroblast functions","volume":"28","author":"Kay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00144-3","article-title":"Modelling and targeting mechanical forces in organ fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Mascharak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib39","series-title":"Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases","first-page":"105","article-title":"Basic Components of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix: Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Laminin, Elastin, Fibrillins, Fibulins, Matrilins, Tenascins and Thrombospondins","author":"Halper","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00647-2","article-title":"Extracellular matrix stiffness: mechanisms in tumor progression and therapeutic potential in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. & Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158102","article-title":"Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Marozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01428-1","article-title":"Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib43","article-title":"Fibroblast TGF-\u03b23 promotes tissue-residency and survival of CD8 T cells in barrier tissues and tumors","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"boirxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6204","article-title":"T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment","volume":"348","author":"Joyce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081850","article-title":"Recruitment and Expansion of Tregs Cells in the Tumor Environment\u2014How to Target Them?","volume":"13","author":"Cinier","year":"2021","journal-title":"cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171435","article-title":"Myeloid-targeted immunotherapies act in synergy to induce inflammation and antitumor immunity","volume":"215","author":"Perry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-012336","article-title":"CJJfIoC: Non-\u03b1-biased IL-2 enhances both intratumoral and subcutaneous CpG\/\u03b1-OX40 therapy, unleashing systemic antitumor immunity in mice","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.038","article-title":"YJFRB, Medicine: Mutual antagonism between indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 regulates the maturation status of DCs in liver fibrosis","volume":"160","author":"Mo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082061","article-title":"Hyaluronan and Its Receptors: Key Mediators of Immune Cell Entry and Trafficking in the Lymphatic System","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib50","article-title":"Spatial genomics: Mapping the landscape of fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Velu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106073","article-title":"Metabolic perturbations in fibrosis disease","volume":"139","author":"Ung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. & Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","article-title":"Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4093214","article-title":"Adenosine Generated by Regulatory T Cells Induces CD8(+) T Cell Exhaustion in Gastric Cancer through A2aR Pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103448","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling","volume":"79","author":"M\u00fcller-Eigner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.10.031","article-title":"2D co-culture model reveals a biophysical interplay between activated fibroblasts and cancer cells","volume":"190","author":"Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184610","article-title":"3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Franchi-Mendes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib57","first-page":"144","article-title":"Dynamic hydrogel mechanics in organoid engineering: From matrix design to translational paradigms","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-020-00258-4","article-title":"Vitro Modeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Tumor Organoids","volume":"17","author":"Devarasetty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2011.10.004","article-title":"Hyaluronan and versican in the control of human T-lymphocyte adhesion and migration","volume":"31","author":"Evanko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081470","article-title":"Targeted Therapy for Highly Desmoplastic and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Olaoba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58688","article-title":"Tumor stiffening reversion through collagen crosslinking inhibition improves T cell migration and anti-PD-1 treatment","volume":"10","author":"Nicolas-Boluda","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13146","article-title":"Dual inhibition of TGF-\u03b2 and PD-L1: a novel approach to cancer treatment","volume":"16","author":"Gulley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01744-8","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03263-0","article-title":"Intrapleural dual blockade of IL-6 and PD-L1 reprograms CAF dynamics and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.09.010","article-title":"Recent advances in the non-invasive assessment of fibrosis using biomarkers","volume":"49","author":"Tatler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02133-z","article-title":"Serological assessment of collagen fragments and tumor fibrosis may guide immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy","volume":"40","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. & Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1110-6","article-title":"Collagens and Cancer associated fibroblasts in the reactive stroma and its relation to Cancer biology","volume":"38","author":"Nissen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. & Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002723","article-title":"Adoptive cellular therapy in solid tumor malignancies: review of the literature and challenges ahead","volume":"9","author":"Kirtane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01018-0","article-title":"Targeting the extracellular matrix for immunomodulation: applications in drug delivery and cell therapies","volume":"11","author":"Aghlara-Fotovat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug. Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126523","article-title":"The Versatility of Collagen in Pharmacology: Targeting Collagen, Targeting with Collagen","volume":"25","author":"Revert-Ros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac2b79","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking: effect on structure, mechanics and fibrosis progression","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S291767","article-title":"Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)-Targeted CAR-T Cells: Launching an Attack on Tumor Stroma","volume":"10","author":"Bughda","year":"2021","journal-title":"ImmunoTargets Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01569-x","article-title":"Targeting TGF-\u03b2 signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25501","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells","volume":"554","author":"Mariathasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320318110","article-title":"Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer","volume":"110","author":"Feig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0580","article-title":"Tumor-associated hyaluronan limits efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy","volume":"14","author":"Singha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.04.003","article-title":"Tumor-Residing Batf3 Dendritic Cells Are Required for Effector T Cell Trafficking and Adoptive T Cell Therapy","volume":"31","author":"Spranger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.686337","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Oral Cancer: A Current Perspective on Function and Potential for Therapeutic Targeting","volume":"2","author":"Bienkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oral. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0710","article-title":"DAJCd: IL1-induced JAK\/STAT signaling is antagonized by TGF\u03b2 to shape CAF heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Biffi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib80","article-title":"Stromal LOX\u2013FAK\u2013\u03b2-catenin pathway locks mammary fibroblasts into a tumor-promoting myCAF state","author":"Gandhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0094","article-title":"MSJCd: Cross-species single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Elyada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57465-7","article-title":"XJNc: Antigen-presenting cancer associated fibroblasts enhance antitumor immunity and predict immunotherapy response","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0454","article-title":"YJCr: Meflin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibit pancreatic carcinogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Mizutani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115908","article-title":"Targeting PDPN+ CAFs enhances treatment efficacy of trastuzumab by reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment in HER2-positive breast cancer","volume":"168","author":"Pu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01144-x","article-title":"bioscience: Single-cell analysis unveils activation of mast cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. & Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217475","article-title":"YJCl: FAP upregulates PD-L1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts to exacerbate T cells dysfunction and suppress anti-tumor immunity","volume":"612","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00590","article-title":"SEJJoCO: Randomized phase III trial of pegvorhyaluronidase alfa with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for patients with hyaluronan-high metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.010","article-title":"SJAPSB: Targeting stiff stroma by neutralizing LOX-mediated matrix crosslinking in pancreatic cancer","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib89","article-title":"science t: Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR439459, a TGF\u03b2 inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors: Findings from a phase 1\/1b study","volume":"17","author":"Baranda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci. Homepage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0248","article-title":"NYJCrc: Mechanistic characterization of cancer-associated fibroblast depletion via an antibody\u2013drug conjugate targeting fibroblast activation protein","volume":"4","author":"Gallant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib91","article-title":"Transcription Factor\u2013Mediated Reprogramming of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Reveals Targetable Vulnerabilities in Solid Tumors","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2543614","article-title":"A phase 2 trial of CXCR4 antagonism and PD1 inhibition in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals recruitment of T cells but also immunosuppressive macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Bever","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib93","article-title":"KJSr: Stromal modifying CHST15 siRNA enhances antitumor effect synergistically with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint antibody in murine pancreatic cancer","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14537","article-title":"Heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts: Opportunities for precision medicine","volume":"111","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."}],"container-title":["Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332226007663?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0753332226007663?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:41:14Z","timestamp":1789242074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0753332226007663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0753332226007663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730","relation":{},"ISSN":["0753-3322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0753-3322","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tumor-associated fibrosis plays a role in cellular immunity across human diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119730","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119730"}}