{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:04:27Z","timestamp":1792569867368,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T11:37:55Z","timestamp":1123846675000},"page":"751-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Neural and Behavioral Plasticity Associated with the Transition from Controlled to Escalated Cocaine Use"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Carrie R.","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Gorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans S.","family":"Crombag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.298","article-title":"Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake","volume":"282","author":"Ahmed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.09.053","article-title":"The transition from controlled to compulsive drug use is associated with a loss of sensitization","volume":"995","author":"Ben-Shahar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.3.280","article-title":"The neuropsychiatry of chronic cocaine abuse","volume":"10","author":"Bolla","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360010087032","article-title":"Toxicity associated with long-term intravenous heroin and cocaine self-administration in the rat","volume":"254","author":"Bozarth","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00824-9","article-title":"Psychostimulant sensitization","volume":"388","author":"Cadoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00007-6","article-title":"Emotion and motivation","volume":"26","author":"Cardinal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh136","article-title":"Opposite effects of amphetamine self-administration experience on dendritic spines in the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex","volume":"15","author":"Crombag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00368.x","article-title":"Drug-induced reinstatement of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behaviour following long-term extinction is associated with expression of behavioural sensitization","volume":"10","author":"De Vries","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00293-7","article-title":"Relapse to cocaine- and heroin-seeking behavior mediated by dopamine D2 receptors is time-dependent and associated with behavioral sensitization","volume":"26","author":"De Vries","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00405254","article-title":"Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey","volume":"16","author":"Deneau","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00696.x","article-title":"Cocaine self-administration increases the incentive motivational properties of the drug in rats","volume":"11","author":"Deroche","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099020","article-title":"Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat","volume":"305","author":"Deroche-Gamonet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00286-3","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine","volume":"137","author":"Di Chiara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.310","article-title":"Move over ANOVA","volume":"61","author":"Gueorguieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199807000-00001","article-title":"Enhanced appetitive conditioning following repeated pretreatment with d-amphetamine","volume":"9","author":"Harmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050796","article-title":"The development of addiction to d-amphetamine in an animal model","volume":"140","author":"Heyne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244782","article-title":"Behavioral and neurochemical sensitization following cocaine self-administration","volume":"115","author":"Hooks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90552-S","article-title":"Preexposure sensitizes rats to the rewarding effects of cocaine","volume":"37","author":"Horger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharm Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005483","article-title":"Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse","volume":"146","author":"Jentsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451687","article-title":"Repeated exposures intensify rather than diminish the rewarding effects of amphetamine, morphine, and cocaine","volume":"98","author":"Lett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berlin)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300115","article-title":"The location of persistent amphetamine-induced changes in the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen","volume":"238","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03612.x","article-title":"Cocaine-induced dendritic plasticity in the core (but not shell) of the nucleus accumbens is associated with the induction of psychomotor sensitization","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib23","first-page":"80","article-title":"The action of central nervous system stimulant drugs","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Lyon","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050530","article-title":"Pre-exposure of rats to amphetamine sensitizes self-administration of this drug under a progressive ratio schedule","volume":"135","author":"Mendrek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.11.004","article-title":"Sensitization to the reinforcing effects of cocaine following binge-abstinent self-administration","volume":"27","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312020-00019","article-title":"Increased motivation for self-administered cocaine after escalated cocaine intake","volume":"14","author":"Paterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246669","article-title":"Behavioral sensitization is induced by intravenous self-administration of cocaine by rats","volume":"124","author":"Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2781295","article-title":"Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration","volume":"245","author":"Piazza","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01550.1996","article-title":"Repeated cocaine augments excitatory amino acid transmission in the nucleus accumbens only in rats having developed behavioral sensitization","volume":"16","author":"Pierce","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib30","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Amphetamine produces sensitized increases in locomotion and extracellular dopamine preferentially in the nucleus accumbens shell of rats administered repeated cocaine","volume":"275","author":"Pierce","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/260731a0","article-title":"Increasing effects of repetitive cocaine administration in the rat","volume":"260","author":"Post","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102496","article-title":"Addicted rats","volume":"305","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(86)90002-0","article-title":"Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237","article-title":"Addiction","volume":"54","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2396(20010301)39:3<257::AID-SYN1007>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Cocaine self-administration alters the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and neocortex","volume":"39","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10146","article-title":"Widespread but regionally specific effects of experimenter- versus self-administered morphine on dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and neocortex of adult rats","volume":"46","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00576.x","article-title":"Alterations in the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex following repeated treatment with amphetamine or cocaine","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib39","first-page":"33","article-title":"Structural plasticity associated with exposure to drugs of abuse","volume":"47","author":"Robinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00091-8","article-title":"Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-depleted normal volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh216","article-title":"Cocaine makes actions insensitive to outcomes but not extinction","author":"Schoenbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib42","first-page":"247","article-title":"Behavioral and neurochemical correlates of repeated d-amphetamine administration","volume":"13","author":"Segal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02638.x","article-title":"Cocaine-induced psychomotor activity is associated with its ability to induce c-fos mRNA expression in the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"17","author":"Uslaner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098975","article-title":"Drug seeking becomes compulsive after prolonged cocaine self-administration","volume":"305","author":"Vanderschuren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000493","article-title":"Alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the induction and expression of behavioral sensitization","volume":"151","author":"Vanderschuren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.11.001","article-title":"Sensitization of midbrain dopamine neuron reactivity and the self-administration of psychomotor stimulant drugs","volume":"27","author":"Vezina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib47","first-page":"155","article-title":"Long-term intravenous infusions","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Weeks","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00965-0","article-title":"Brain reward circuitry","volume":"36","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.4.469","article-title":"A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction","volume":"94","author":"Wise","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7831","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07831.2001","article-title":"Incentive sensitization by previous amphetamine exposure","volume":"21","author":"Wyvell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib51","series-title":"Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intravenous self-administration","author":"Yokel","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02491.x","article-title":"Behavioural sensitization and enhanced dopamine response in the nucleus accumbens after intravenous cocaine self-administration in mice","volume":"17","author":"Zapata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046_bib53","series-title":"The Cortex of the Rat","author":"Zilles","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322305005664?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322305005664?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T17:47:47Z","timestamp":1552585667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322305005664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322305005664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}