{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:33:45Z","timestamp":1778628825785,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,15]],"date-time":"2005-09-15T14:15:38Z","timestamp":1126793738000},"page":"530-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Brain Activation During Antisaccades in Unaffected Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mathijs","family":"Raemaekers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick F.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Vink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene S.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L","article-title":"Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","article-title":"Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib3","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080023004","article-title":"The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). An instrument for assessing diagnosis and psychopathology","volume":"49","author":"Andreasen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib5","first-page":"198","article-title":"Control of saccades in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200004)43:4<540::AID-MRM8>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Event-related fMRI contrast when using constant interstimulus interval","volume":"43","author":"Bandettini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(95)00035-6","article-title":"The role of inhibition in the hierarchical gating of executed and imagined movements","volume":"3","author":"Berthoz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.06.006","article-title":"Oculomotor control in asymptomatic and recently diagnosed individuals with the genetic marker for Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Blekher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050934","article-title":"Control of voluntary and reflexive saccades in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Briand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00438-3","article-title":"Antisaccade performance is abnormal in schizophrenia patients but not in their biological relatives","volume":"63","author":"Brownstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820120023005","article-title":"Frontostriatal disorder of cerebral metabolism in never-medicated schizophrenics","volume":"49","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.12.005","article-title":"Antisaccade performance is impaired in medically and psychiatrically healthy biological relatives of schizophrenia patients","volume":"71","author":"Calkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00101-6","article-title":"Smooth pursuit and antisaccade performance evidence trait stability in schizophrenia patients and their relatives","volume":"49","author":"Calkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.709","article-title":"Abnormal fMRI response of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitively intact siblings of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"160","author":"Callicott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.277","article-title":"Saccadic system functioning among schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives","volume":"103","author":"Clementz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199403000-00005","article-title":"Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/nn969","article-title":"Human fMRI evidence for the neural correlates of preparatory set","volume":"5","author":"Connolly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.12.1703","article-title":"Saccadic eye movements in families multiply affected with schizophrenia","volume":"155","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.100","article-title":"Saccadic disinhibition in patients with acute and remitted schizophrenia and their first-degree biological relatives","volume":"158","author":"Curtis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00562.2002","article-title":"Preparatory set associated with pro-saccades and anti-saccades in humans investigated with event-related FMRI","volume":"89","author":"Desouza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00105-5","article-title":"Smooth pursuit and antisaccade eye movements in siblings discordant for schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Ettinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-07-02740.1999","article-title":"Role of primate superior colliculus in preparation and execution of anti-saccades and pro-saccades","volume":"19","author":"Everling","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1018","article-title":"Characterizing evoked hemodynamics with fMRI","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10560","article-title":"A direct prefrontotectal tract against distractibility in the human brain","volume":"53","author":"Gaymard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(78)90218-3","article-title":"Primary and secondary saccades to goals defined by instructions","volume":"18","author":"Hallett","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.953","article-title":"Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements","volume":"80","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00227-X","article-title":"Poor performance in smooth pursuit and antisaccadic eye-movement tasks in healthy siblings of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"101","author":"Karoumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.3.468","article-title":"Antisaccade performance in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder","volume":"106","author":"Katsanis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00249-X","article-title":"A preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study in offspring of schizophrenic parents","volume":"26","author":"Keshavan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050751","article-title":"MR-eyetracker","volume":"126","author":"Kimmig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.3.364","article-title":"Saccades in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Lasker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01117-3","article-title":"Brain structure, genetic liability, and psychotic symptoms in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Lawrie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.11.006","article-title":"Antisaccade performance in biological relatives of schizophrenia patients","volume":"71","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib34","series-title":"The Family Interview for Genetic Studies Manual","author":"Maxwell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01204-5","article-title":"Neural correlates of refixation saccades and antisaccades in normal and schizophrenia subjects","volume":"51","author":"McDowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005702","article-title":"The effect of fixation condition manipulations on antisaccade performance in schizophrenia","volume":"115","author":"McDowell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577299980836","article-title":"Measuring liability for schizophrenia using optimized antisaccade stimulus parameters","volume":"36","author":"McDowell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(94)90036-1","article-title":"Cortical control of saccade in normal and schizophrenic subjects","volume":"12","author":"Nakashima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.10.1823","article-title":"Frontal-striatal cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"120","author":"Pantelis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.313","article-title":"Neuronal substrate of the saccadic inhibition deficit in schizophrenia investigated with 3-dimensional event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"59","author":"Raemaekers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0358","article-title":"Phase navigator correction in 3D fMRI improves detection of brain activation","volume":"8","author":"Ramsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00075-X","article-title":"Thalamic and amygdala-hippocampal volume reductions in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Seidman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 20","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib43","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.4.1979","article-title":"Composition and topographic organization of signals sent from the frontal eye field to the superior colliculus","volume":"83","author":"Sommer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.416","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings","volume":"157","author":"Staal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib46","first-page":"455","article-title":"Structural MRI of the brain in presumed carriers of genes for schizophrenia, their affected and unaffected siblings","volume":"72","author":"Steel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib47","series-title":"Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.3.362","article-title":"Eye movements in spectrum personality disorders","volume":"153","author":"Thaker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00193-0","article-title":"Saccadic eye movement abnormalities in relatives of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Thaker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.11.014","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging during auditory verbal working memory in nonpsychotic relatives of persons with schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Thermenos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1109\/83.650848","article-title":"Pyramid approach to subpixel registration based on intensity","volume":"7","author":"Thevenaz","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.15.6906","article-title":"Three-dimensional functional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain on a clinical 1.5-T scanner","volume":"92","author":"Van Gelderen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2307\/1427576","article-title":"Local maxima and the expected Euler characteristic of excursion sets of chi2, F and t fields","author":"Worsley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Appl Probab"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322305009194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322305009194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T09:23:18Z","timestamp":1553332998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322305009194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322305009194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}