{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:35:23Z","timestamp":1780979723363,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,4]],"date-time":"2007-06-04T09:06:52Z","timestamp":1180948012000},"page":"1155-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Fear-Potentiated Startle to Threat, and Prepulse Inhibition Among Young Adult Nonsmokers, Abstinent Smokers, and Nonabstinent Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Grillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelli","family":"Avenevoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Daurignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen R.","family":"Merikangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244861","article-title":"Nicotine increases sensory gating measured as inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats","volume":"114","author":"Acri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.3.3.484","article-title":"The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: The subjective expected utility of smoking in college students","volume":"3","author":"Brandon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02196920","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence","volume":"25","author":"Breslau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.810","article-title":"Nicotine dependence in the United States: prevalence, trends, and smoking persistence","volume":"58","author":"Breslau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200600670272","article-title":"The effects of smoking deprivation and nicotine administration on emotional reactivity","volume":"8","author":"Cinciripini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.100.6.814","article-title":"Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potientiated startle paradigm","volume":"100","author":"Davis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00288-1","article-title":"Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.02.021","article-title":"Trait anxiety and nicotine dependence in adolescents: a report from the DANDY study","volume":"29","author":"DiFranza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addictive Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100719","article-title":"Effects of smoking on acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition in humans","volume":"156","author":"Duncan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846549","article-title":"Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Fagerstrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(98)00159-2","article-title":"Effects of nicotine and stress on startle amplitude and sensory gating depend on rat strain and sex","volume":"62","author":"Faraday","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(93)90001-O","article-title":"Modification of the acoustic startle-reflex eyeblink: A tool for investigating early and late attentional processes","volume":"35","author":"Filion","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(87)90027-X","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking on phobic anxiety","volume":"12","author":"Fleming","year":"1987","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000404","article-title":"Appetitive nature of drug cues confirmed with physiological measures in a model using pictures of smoking","volume":"150","author":"Geier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100811","article-title":"Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review","volume":"156","author":"Geyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib16","unstructured":"Gilbert DG (1995): Smoking: Individual differences, psychopathology, and emotion. Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02196923","article-title":"Personality, psychopathology, and nicotine response as mediators of the genetics of smoking","volume":"25","author":"Gilbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01924.x","article-title":"Effects of smoking\/nicotine on anxiety, heart rate, and lateralization of EEG during a stressful movie","volume":"26","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1208","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and panic: the role of neuroticism","volume":"159","author":"Goodwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib20","first-page":"329","article-title":"Effects of threat and safety signals on startle during anticipation of aversive shocks, sounds, and airblasts","volume":"12","author":"Grillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00202-5","article-title":"A review of the modulation of startle by affective states and its application to psychiatry","volume":"114","author":"Grillon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.5.916","article-title":"Anxious responses to predictable and unpredictable aversive events","volume":"118","author":"Grillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00014","article-title":"Startle modulation in children at risk for anxiety disorders and\/or alcoholism","volume":"36","author":"Grillon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00188-7","article-title":"Fear-potentiated startle in adolescent offspring at risk for anxiety disorder","volume":"44","author":"Grillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301204","article-title":"A single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram exacerbates anxiety in humans: a fear-potentiated startle study","volume":"32","author":"Grillon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00406.x","article-title":"Sex differences in negative affective response during nicotine withdrawal","volume":"43","author":"Hogle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03744.x","article-title":"Nicotine withdrawal versus other drug withdrawal syndromes: similarities and dissimilarities","volume":"89","author":"Hughes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1332-7","article-title":"Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention","volume":"167","author":"Hutchison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000399","article-title":"The effects of smoking high nicotine cigarettes on prepulse inhibition, startle latency, and subjective responses","volume":"150","author":"Hutchison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.022","article-title":"Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on cognition in adolescent tobacco smokers","volume":"57","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02247426","article-title":"Effects of acute subcutaneous nicotine on attention, information processing and short-term memory in Alzheimers\u2019s disease","volume":"108","author":"Jones","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.2.270","article-title":"Smoking, stress, and negative affect: correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking","volume":"129","author":"Kassel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.168","article-title":"The World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)","volume":"13","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050109","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in healthy male smokers","volume":"128","author":"Kumari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/30976","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala","volume":"393","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.10.817","article-title":"Does cigarette smoking cause stress?","volume":"54","author":"Parrott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1077(199807)13:5<367::AID-HUP10>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Comparative Mood States and Cognitive Skills of Cigarette Smokers, Deprived Smokers and Nonsmokers","volume":"13","author":"Parrott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00295.x","article-title":"The effects of a psychological stressor on cigarette smoking and subsequent behavioral and physiological responses","volume":"24","author":"Pomerleau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.50.1.71","article-title":"Relapse following smoking cessation: a situational analysis","volume":"50","author":"Shiffman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90079-S","article-title":"Men are more inhibited than women by weak prepulses","volume":"34","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100799","article-title":"Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges","volume":"156","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.97.3.346","article-title":"Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders","volume":"97","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1589","article-title":"What happens to anxiety levels on giving up smoking?","volume":"154","author":"West","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000632230700011X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000632230700011X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T14:52:11Z","timestamp":1757775131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000632230700011X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S000632230700011X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fear-Potentiated Startle to Threat, and Prepulse Inhibition Among Young Adult Nonsmokers, Abstinent Smokers, and Nonabstinent Smokers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}