{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:01:54Z","timestamp":1790373714449,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA013521-INIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA013521-INIA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA005965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA005965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA012388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA012388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA017168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA017168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,31]],"date-time":"2009-12-31T09:07:46Z","timestamp":1262250466000},"page":"846-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Brain Injury and Recovery Following Binge Ethanol: Evidence from In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Zahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Rohlfing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Hasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shara","family":"Vinco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Orduna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith V.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Pfefferbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2267-6","article-title":"Neurocircuitry in alcoholism: A substrate of disruption and repair","volume":"180","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000085586.91726.46","article-title":"Compromised pontocerebellar and cerebellothalamocortical systems: Speculations on their contributions to cognitive and motor impairment in nonamnesic alcoholism","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9038-6","article-title":"Alcohol: Effects on neurobehavioral functions and the brain","volume":"17","author":"Oscar-Berman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01598.x","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in magnetic resonance imaging brain volumes in abstinent and relapsed alcoholics","volume":"19","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.015","article-title":"Deformation-based morphometry of brain changes in alcohol dependence and abstinence","volume":"34","author":"Cardenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.019","article-title":"Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with changes in regional ventricular volumes","volume":"155","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02573.x","article-title":"Binge ethanol exposure in adult rats causes necrotic cell death","volume":"26","author":"Obernier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9714","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3063-04.2004","article-title":"Temporally specific burst in cell proliferation increases hippocampal neurogenesis in protracted abstinence from alcohol","volume":"24","author":"Nixon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605177103","article-title":"Neocortical neurogenesis in humans is restricted to development","volume":"103","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)38067-1","article-title":"Neurogenesis in adult primates","volume":"138","author":"Rakic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429258","article-title":"Induction of physical dependence upon ethanol and the associated behavioral changes in rats","volume":"43","author":"Majchrowicz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faingold CL (2008): The Majchrowicz binge alcohol protocol: An intubation technique to study alcohol dependence in rats. Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter 9:Unit 9.28.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0928s44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v12.i4.40","article-title":"Animal models of alcoholism: Neurobiology of high alcohol-drinking behavior in rodents","volume":"12","author":"McBride","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01641.x","article-title":"Neuronal degeneration in rat cerebrocortical and olfactory regions during subchronic \u201cbinge\u201d intoxication with ethanol: Possible explanation for olfactory deficits in alcoholics","volume":"20","author":"Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01973.x","article-title":"Binge ethanol consumption causes differential brain damage in young adolescent rats compared with adult rats","volume":"24","author":"Crews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01141.x","article-title":"Binge ethanol-induced brain damage in rats: Effect of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"20","author":"Zou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00354-0","article-title":"Neuronal damage after the injection of aminooxyacetic acid into the rat entorhinal cortex: A silver impregnation study","volume":"82","author":"Du","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152339799","article-title":"Alpha-synucleinopathy and selective dopaminergic neuron loss in a rat lentiviral-based model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"99","author":"Lo Bianco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.2.198","article-title":"Evidence for a gender-related effect of alcoholism on brain volumes","volume":"158","author":"Hommer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib20","first-page":"558","article-title":"Cortical gray matter loss in treatment-naive alcohol dependent individuals","volume":"26","author":"Fein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00721.x","article-title":"Ventricular expansion in wild-type Wistar rats after alcohol exposure by vapor chamber","volume":"32","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000121805.12350.CA","article-title":"Effects of heavy drinking, binge drinking, and family history of alcoholism on regional brain metabolites","volume":"28","author":"Meyerhoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.119","article-title":"In vivo evidence for alcohol-induced neurochemical changes in rat brain without protracted withdrawal, pronounced thiamine deficiency, or severe liver damage","volume":"34","author":"Zahr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200005000-00004","article-title":"Correlation between N-acetylaspartate levels and histopathologic changes in cortical infarcts of mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"20","author":"Sager","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.046","article-title":"In vivo 2D J-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rat brain with a 3-T clinical human scanner","volume":"22","author":"Adalsteinsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20181","article-title":"In vivo structural imaging of the rat brain with a 3-T clinical human scanner","volume":"20","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib27","first-page":"131","article-title":"Design and fabrication of a three-axis multilayer gradient coil for magnetic resonance microscopy of mice","volume":"10","author":"Chronik","year":"2000","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598130","article-title":"Automated three-dimensional registration of magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography brain images by multiresolution optimization of voxel similarity measures","volume":"24","author":"Studholme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3109\/10929080009148901","article-title":"Registration of functional and anatomical MRI: Accuracy assessment and application in navigated neurosurgery","volume":"5","author":"Rohlfing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput Aided Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib30","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20571","article-title":"Detection of glutamate in the human brain at 3 T using optimized constant time point resolved spectroscopy","volume":"54","author":"Mayer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.11.005","article-title":"In vivo metabolite differences between the basal ganglia and cerebellum of the rat brain detected with proton MRS at 3T","volume":"154","author":"Mayer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(98)00156-8","article-title":"Detection of homonuclear decoupled in vivo proton NMR spectra using constant time chemical shift encoding: CT-PRESS","volume":"17","author":"Dreher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib34","first-page":"105","article-title":"Animal models of alcohol withdrawal","volume":"24","author":"Becker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00350-8","article-title":"Aging potentiates the acute and chronic neurological symptoms of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in the rodent","volume":"119","author":"Pitkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00146.x","article-title":"Longitudinal brain MRI study of the alcohol-preferring rat","volume":"30","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00032-X","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption: From neuroadaptation to neurodegeneration","volume":"56","author":"Fadda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20162","article-title":"Alcohol and adult neurogenesis: Roles in neurodegeneration and recovery in chronic alcoholism","volume":"16","author":"Nixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib39","first-page":"134","article-title":"The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.08.005","article-title":"Basophilia, acidophilia and argyrophilia of \u201cdark\u201d (compacted) neurons during their formation, recovery or death in an otherwise undamaged environment","volume":"142","author":"Zsombok","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00870-8","article-title":"Argyrophilic dark neurons distribute with a different pattern in the brain after over hours treadmill running and swimming in the rat","volume":"277","author":"Ishida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)35033-7","article-title":"Is neuronal death required for seizure-induced epileptogenesis in the immature brain?","volume":"135","author":"Baram","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01439-7","article-title":"Glia pathology in the prefrontal cortex in alcohol dependence with and without depressive symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib44","first-page":"253","article-title":"Chronic alcoholics have substantial glial pathology in the forebrain and diencephalon","volume":"2","author":"Cullen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01214.x","article-title":"Binge ethanol exposure decreases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus","volume":"83","author":"Nixon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib46","first-page":"1926","article-title":"Sequential MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in patients who underwent recent detoxification for chronic alcoholism: Correlation with clinical and neuropsychological data","volume":"22","author":"Bendszus","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02681.x","article-title":"Longitudinal brain metabolic characterization of chronic alcoholics with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"26","author":"Parks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)35011-8","article-title":"Neuronal apoptosis after brief and prolonged seizures","volume":"135","author":"Bengzon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208786848748","article-title":"Ischemic neuronal damage","volume":"14","author":"Taoufik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02583.x","article-title":"N-acetylaspartate: A literature review of animal research on brain ischaemia","volume":"90","author":"Demougeot","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.12","article-title":"The effect of ethanol on human brain metabolites longitudinally characterized by proton MR spectroscopy","volume":"29","author":"Biller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000148112.92525.AC","article-title":"Cigarette smoking exacerbates chronic alcohol-induced brain damage: A preliminary metabolite imaging study","volume":"28","author":"Durazzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.03.049","article-title":"Alcohol consumption significantly influences the MR signal of frontal choline-containing compounds","volume":"32","author":"Ende","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10335","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopic studies of chronic alcohol exposure on the rat brain","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib55","first-page":"375","article-title":"Changes in intracranial pressure and brain hydration during acute ethanolism","volume":"4","author":"McQueen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02314-9","article-title":"Ethanol-induced swelling in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures","volume":"900","author":"Aschner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.2.221","article-title":"Brain damage due to episodic alcohol exposure in vivo and in vitro: Furosemide neuroprotection implicates edema-based mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65010275.x","article-title":"Investigation into the role of N-acetylaspartate in cerebral osmoregulation","volume":"65","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1058","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain","volume":"265","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.28-11-426","article-title":"Hyponatremia","volume":"28","author":"Farrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(85)90058-1","article-title":"Alcoholic brain damage and neurological symptoms of alcohol withdrawal\u2014manifestations of overhydration","volume":"16","author":"Lambie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115292","article-title":"Study of brain electrolytes and organic osmolytes during correction of chronic hyponatremia","volume":"88","author":"Lien","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90806-7","article-title":"Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats","volume":"567","author":"Verbalis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00403.x","article-title":"Hypo-osmotic swelling-activated release of organic osmolytes in brain slices: Implications for brain oedema in vivo","volume":"77","author":"Bothwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520330076013","article-title":"Disproportionate atrophy of cerebral white matter in chronic alcoholics","volume":"45","author":"De la Monte","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.039","article-title":"Degradation of association and projection white matter systems in alcoholism detected with quantitative fiber tracking","volume":"65","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688539","article-title":"Demyelination of the mamillary bodies in alcoholism","volume":"50","author":"Alling","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.12.003","article-title":"N-acetylaspartate in the CNS: From neurodiagnostics to neurobiology","volume":"81","author":"Moffett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.033","article-title":"(1)H MR spectroscopy of inflammation, infection and ischemia of the brain","volume":"67","author":"Mader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh640","article-title":"1H-MRS quantification of tNA and tCr in patients with multiple sclerosis: A meta-analytic review","volume":"128","author":"Caramanos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1973.tb00097.x","article-title":"The occurrence of N-acetlyaspartate amidohydrolase (Aminoacyclase II) in the developing rat","volume":"20","author":"D'Adamo","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01267947","article-title":"Creatine metabolism and the consequences of creatine depletion in muscle","volume":"133\u2013134","author":"Wyss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700019-JLR200","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021926405944","article-title":"1H magnetic resonance in the study of hepatic encephalopathy in humans","volume":"17","author":"Cordoba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199605310-00014","article-title":"Inhibition of N-acetylaspartate production: Implications for H-1 MRS studies in vivo","volume":"7","author":"Bates","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1840539","article-title":"Synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartate by rat brain mitochondria and its involvement in mitochondrial\/cytosolic carbon transport","volume":"184","author":"Patel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995149","article-title":"Depletion of brain glutathione is accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentration","volume":"20","author":"Heales","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200005000-00005","article-title":"Early N-acetylaspartate depletion is a marker of neuronal dysfunction in rats and primates chronically treated with the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"20","author":"Dautry","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00285.x","article-title":"N-acetylaspartate, a marker of both cellular dysfunction and neuronal loss: Its relevance to studies of acute brain injury","volume":"77","author":"Demougeot","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.028","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic creatine correlates with creatine transporter protein density in rat brain","volume":"172","author":"Sartorius","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00082.x","article-title":"Role of magnesium and calcium in alcohol-induced hypertension and strokes as probed by in vivo television microscopy, digital image microscopy, optical spectroscopy, 31P-NMR, spectroscopy and a unique magnesium ion-selective electrode","volume":"18","author":"Altura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01008.x","article-title":"Heart mitochondria response to alcohol is different than brain and liver","volume":"19","author":"Marin-Garcia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64062691.x","article-title":"Preincubation with creatine enhances levels of creatine phosphate and prevents anoxic damage in rat hippocampal slices","volume":"64","author":"Carter","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09337.x","article-title":"Uptake and metabolism of choline by rat brain after acute choline administration","volume":"58","author":"Klein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.92","article-title":"Focal ischemia enhances choline output and decreases acetylcholine output from rat cerebral cortex","volume":"20","author":"Scremin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.63","article-title":"Formation of free choline in brain tissue during in vitro energy deprivation","volume":"11","author":"Djuricic","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00093.x","article-title":"Characterization of the blood-brain barrier choline transporter using the in situ rat brain perfusion technique","volume":"76","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib88","first-page":"R1520","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on whole body release and clearance of choline","volume":"268","author":"Jenden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490040110","article-title":"Choline and phospholipid metabolism and the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat brain","volume":"4","author":"Jope","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(70)90086-X","article-title":"Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock on free fatty acid pool in the brain","volume":"218","author":"Bazan","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib91","first-page":"663","article-title":"The influence of CDP-choline on brain lipid metabolism during ischemia","volume":"37","author":"Trovarelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"Farmaco Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09803.x","article-title":"Coupling among energy failure, loss of ion homeostasis, and phospholipase A2 and C activation during ischemia","volume":"61","author":"Katsura","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-008-0034-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of ethanol-induced degeneration in the developing, mature, and aging cerebellum","volume":"7","author":"Jaatinen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050212","article-title":"Severe and progressive steatosis and focal necrosis in rat liver induced by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and low fat diet","volume":"5","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007346","article-title":"Pathology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"13","author":"French","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198706000-00016","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics on brain glucose metabolism in rats","volume":"66","author":"Kofke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2089","article-title":"Ageing and the brain","volume":"211","author":"Esiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pathol"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322309012797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322309012797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T21:45:33Z","timestamp":1558734333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322309012797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322309012797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}