{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:21:40Z","timestamp":1788870100087,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T04:36:07Z","timestamp":1288326967000},"page":"964-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Positron Emission Tomography Study Examining The Dopaminergic Activity of Armodafinil in Adults Using [11C]Altropane and [11C]Raclopride"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha K.","family":"Madras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Bonab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin D.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Mirto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Fischman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301534","article-title":"Modafinil: A review of neurochemical actions and effects on cognition","volume":"33","author":"Minzenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.5.436","article-title":"Modafinil binds to the dopamine uptake carrier site with low affinity","volume":"17","author":"Mignot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400107","article-title":"An evaluation of the abuse potential of modafinil using methylphenidate as a reference","volume":"14","author":"Jasinski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e777","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0617","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study","volume":"116","author":"Biederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0120","article-title":"Modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study followed by abrupt discontinuation","volume":"67","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0506","article-title":"A comparison of once-daily and divided doses of modafinil in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"67","author":"Biederman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21208-3","article-title":"Positron emission tomographic analysis of central 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor occupancy in healthy volunteers treated with the novel antipsychotic agent, ziprasidone","volume":"279","author":"Fischman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241080-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic imaging: A noninvasive method for determining drug distribution and action","volume":"41","author":"Fischman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib9","first-page":"10S","article-title":"Central nervous system pharmacokinetics of psychiatric drugs","author":"Salazar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539709002238","article-title":"The role of positron emission tomography in pharmacokinetic analysis","volume":"29","author":"Fischman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20971-5","article-title":"Evaluation of cerebral pharmacokinetics of the novel antidepressant drug, BMS-181101, by positron emission tomography","volume":"279","author":"Christian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.387","article-title":"PET study examining pharmacokinetics, detection and likeability, and dopamine transporter receptor occupancy of short- and long-acting oral methylphenidate","volume":"163","author":"Spencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.351","article-title":"Effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brain: Clinical implications","volume":"301","author":"Volkow","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.106583","article-title":"Modafinil occupies dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in vivo and modulates the transporters and trace amine activity in vitro","volume":"319","author":"Madras","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2396(20010315)39:4<332::AID-SYN1017>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"[(11)C, (127)I] Altropane: A highly selective ligand for PET imaging of dopamine transporter sites","volume":"39","author":"Fischman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2165\/0044011-200929020-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic profile of armodafinil in healthy subjects: Pooled analysis of data from three randomized studies","volume":"29","author":"Darwish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1325","article-title":"Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate","volume":"155","author":"Volkow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10075","article-title":"\u201cNonhedonic\u201d food motivation in humans involves dopamine in the dorsal striatum and methylphenidate amplifies this effect","volume":"44","author":"Volkow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC121","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001","article-title":"Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain","volume":"21","author":"Volkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10038","article-title":"Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: Therapeutic implications","volume":"43","author":"Volkow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8462","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1819-08.2008","article-title":"Dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors are essential for the arousal effect of modafinil","volume":"28","author":"Qu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.146142","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of dopamine transporters in behavioral stimulant effects of modafinil","volume":"329","author":"Zolkowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.02.003","article-title":"Dopaminergic-adrenergic interactions in the wake promoting mechanism of modafinil","volume":"132","author":"Wisor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199806)29:2<116::AID-SYN3>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Altropane, a SPECT or PET imaging probe for dopamine neurons","volume":"29","author":"Madras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(19991201)34:3<222::AID-SYN6>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Regulation of striatal dopamine receptors by estrogen","volume":"34","author":"Lammers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322310009091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322310009091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T15:58:43Z","timestamp":1762099123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322310009091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322310009091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Positron Emission Tomography Study Examining The Dopaminergic Activity of Armodafinil in Adults Using [11C]Altropane and [11C]Raclopride","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}