{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:54:45Z","timestamp":1789736085344,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G9536855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G9536855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,16]],"date-time":"2010-12-16T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1292492013000},"page":"266-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition by Atomoxetine Prevents Cue-Induced Heroin and Cocaine Seeking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Daina","family":"Economidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Dalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Everitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1423","article-title":"Anticraving medications for relapse prevention: A possible new class of psychoactive medications","volume":"162","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.11.1.18","article-title":"Impulsivity and rapid discounting of delayed hypothetical rewards in cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"11","author":"Coffey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(01)00202-1","article-title":"The impact of impulsivity on cocaine use and retention in treatment","volume":"21","author":"Moeller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Subst Abus Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0832-x","article-title":"Effect of impulsivity on craving and behavioral reactivity to smoking cues","volume":"194","author":"Doran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137073","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens: D2\/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement","volume":"315","author":"Dalley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.008","article-title":"High impulsivity predicts relapse to cocaine-seeking after punishment-induced abstinence","volume":"65","author":"Economidou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.15.6.649","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults","volume":"15","author":"Slatkoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1G582","article-title":"Atomoxetine versus stimulants for treatment of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"40","author":"Gibson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.08.020","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of ADHD drugs in vivo: Insights on efficacy and safety","volume":"57","author":"Heal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib10","first-page":"73","article-title":"Cue reactivity and cue reactivity interventions in drug dependence","volume":"137","author":"Childress","year":"1993","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25984.x","article-title":"Classical conditioning in drug-dependent humans","volume":"654","author":"O'Brien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.11.1789","article-title":"Cue-induced cocaine craving: Neuroanatomical specificity for drug users and drug stimuli","volume":"157","author":"Garavan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib13","first-page":"1771","article-title":"Second-order schedules of drug injection","volume":"34","author":"Goldberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050774","article-title":"Acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in rats: Effects of conditioned cues and continuous access to cocaine","volume":"140","author":"Arroyo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000429","article-title":"Heroin self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement: Acquisition and maintenance of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats","volume":"153","author":"Alderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000566","article-title":"Second-order schedules of drug reinforcement in rats and monkeys: Measurement of reinforcing efficacy and drug-seeking behaviour","volume":"153","author":"Everitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1157-4","article-title":"Second-order schedules of drug self-administration in animals","volume":"163","author":"Schindler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1224-x","article-title":"The reinstatement model of drug relapse: History, methodology and major findings","volume":"168","author":"Shaham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.027","article-title":"Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal: A review of preclinical data","volume":"47","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.005","article-title":"Critical involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in impulsive decision making","volume":"60","author":"van Gaalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0701-7","article-title":"Differential effects of modafinil and methylphenidate on stop-signal reaction time task performance in the rat, and interactions with the dopamine receptor antagonist cis-flupenthixol","volume":"192","author":"Eagle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1996.0060","article-title":"Behavioral and pharmacological studies on the validation of a new animal model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"66","author":"Puumala","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fbp.0000131574.61491.50","article-title":"Differential effects of psychomotor stimulants on attentional performance in rats: Nicotine, amphetamine, caffeine and methylphenidate","volume":"15","author":"Bizarro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00346-9","article-title":"Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: A potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Bymaster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00425.x","article-title":"A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children","volume":"18","author":"Barkley","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00052-5","article-title":"Affinities of methylphenidate derivatives for dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters","volume":"58","author":"Gatley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(94)00113-9","article-title":"Novel halogenated analogs of tomoxetine that are potent and selective inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake in brain","volume":"26","author":"Gehlert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01393-9","article-title":"Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters","volume":"340","author":"Tatsumi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33153-8","article-title":"A new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake devoid of affinity for receptors in rat brain","volume":"222","author":"Wong","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301487","article-title":"Similar effects of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on three distinct forms of impulsivity in the rat","volume":"33","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.019","article-title":"Cocaine seeking habits depend upon dopamine-dependent serial connectivity linking the ventral with the dorsal striatum","volume":"57","author":"Belin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1376-4","article-title":"Interaction between noradrenaline and corticotrophin-releasing factor in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in the rat","volume":"203","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00899.x","article-title":"Clonidine blocks stress-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats: An effect independent of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons","volume":"12","author":"Shaham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.86","article-title":"Involvement of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the stress-but not cocaine-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in mice: role for beta-2 adrenergic receptors","volume":"35","author":"Mantsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.121806","article-title":"Noradrenergic mechanisms in cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in squirrel monkeys","volume":"322","author":"Platt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709000054","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptor antagonism in the prelimbic cortex blocks the reinstatement of heroin-seeking in an animal model of relapse","volume":"12","author":"See","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1976","article-title":"Cocaine-predictive stimulus induces drug-seeking behavior and neural activation in limbic brain regions after multiple months of abstinence: Reversal by D(1) antagonists","volume":"98","author":"Ciccocioppo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1045-08.2008","article-title":"Infralimbic prefrontal cortex is responsible for inhibiting cocaine seeking in extinguished rats","volume":"28","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.10.4.361","article-title":"The promise and pitfalls of animal and human models of relapse: Comment on Leri and Stewart","volume":"10","author":"Tiffany","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.06.018","article-title":"Critical assessment of how to study addiction and its treatment: Human and non-human animal models","volume":"108","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4723","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0176-04.2004","article-title":"Preferential effects of the metabotropic glutamate 2\/3 receptor agonist LY379268 on conditioned reinstatement versus primary reinforcement: Comparison between cocaine and a potent conventional reinforcer","volume":"24","author":"Baptista","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.011","article-title":"Systemic and central amygdala injections of the mGluR(2\/3) agonist LY379268 attenuate the expression of incubation of cocaine craving","volume":"61","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200506210-00026","article-title":"The novel mGluR2\/3 agonist LY379268 attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking","volume":"16","author":"Bossert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300088","article-title":"The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen attenuates cocaine- and heroin-seeking behavior by rats","volume":"28","author":"Di Ciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.687","article-title":"A comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l-, and dl-threo-methylphenidate: An exploratory study","volume":"16","author":"Markowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-6-6","article-title":"Comparison of the monoamine transporters from human and mouse in their sensitivities to psychostimulant drugs","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00241-6","article-title":"Affinities of venlafaxine and various reuptake inhibitors for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters","volume":"349","author":"B\u00e9\u00efque","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib48","first-page":"202","article-title":"Desipramine augmentation of cocaine abstinence: Initial results","volume":"9","author":"Gawin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810020019004","article-title":"Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence","volume":"46","author":"Gawin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089209068770","article-title":"Treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance clients: A pilot study comparing the efficacy of desipramine and amantadine","volume":"27","author":"Kolar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820110052008","article-title":"Desipramine treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients","volume":"49","author":"Arndt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/10445460152595577","article-title":"An open-label, dose-ranging study of atomoxetine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"11","author":"Spencer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.06.017","article-title":"Transition from methylphenidate or amphetamine to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2014a preliminary tolerability and efficacy study","volume":"29","author":"Quintana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.008","article-title":"Abuse liability assessment of atomoxetine in a drug-abusing population","volume":"95","author":"Jasinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.005","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and subject-rated effects of acute intranasal cocaine administration during atomoxetine maintenance","volume":"92","author":"Stoops","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990903383961","article-title":"Atomoxetine attenuates dextroamphetamine effects in humans","volume":"35","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00138.x","article-title":"Norepinephrine and stimulant addiction","volume":"14","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.009","article-title":"Atomoxetine treatment of adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders","volume":"96","author":"Wilens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02805996","article-title":"Excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala impair the acquisition of cocaine-seeking behaviour under a second-order schedule of reinforcement","volume":"127","author":"Whitelaw","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1217","article-title":"Differential control over cocaine-seeking behavior by nucleus accumbens core and shell","volume":"7","author":"Ito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00235-4","article-title":"Dissociable effects of antagonism of NMDA and AMPA\/KA receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and shell on cocaine-seeking behavior","volume":"25","author":"Di Ciano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1300.038","article-title":"The effects of selective orbitofrontal cortex lesions on the acquisition and performance of cue-controlled cocaine seeking in rats","volume":"1003","author":"Hutcheson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03232.x","article-title":"Contribution of the ventral tegmental area to cocaine-seeking maintained by a drug-paired conditioned stimulus in rats","volume":"19","author":"Di Ciano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07489.2000","article-title":"Dissociation in conditioned dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and shell in response to cocaine cues and during cocaine-seeking behavior in rats","volume":"20","author":"Ito","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02401.1999","article-title":"Dissociation in effects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core and shell on appetitive Pavlovian approach behavior and the potentiation of conditioned reinforcement and locomotor activity by D-amphetamine","volume":"19","author":"Parkinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90354-0","article-title":"Involvement of the amygdala in stimulus-reward associations: Interaction with the ventral striatum","volume":"30","author":"Cador","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11189","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-35-11189.2003","article-title":"Lesions of the orbitofrontal but not medial prefrontal cortex disrupt conditioned reinforcement in primates","volume":"23","author":"Pears","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00555222","article-title":"Enhanced behavioural control by conditioned reinforcers following microinjections of d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens","volume":"84","author":"Taylor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246039","article-title":"Potentiation of the effects of reward-related stimuli by dopaminergic-dependent mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"104","author":"Cador","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8665","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0925-05.2005","article-title":"Involvement of the dorsal striatum in cue-controlled cocaine seeking","volume":"25","author":"Vanderschuren","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-06-02369.2000","article-title":"Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum","volume":"20","author":"Haber","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.004","article-title":"Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex","volume":"56","author":"Ikemoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199711)27:3<230::AID-SYN8>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Distribution of dopamine beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive fibers within the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens","volume":"27","author":"Berridge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00672-6","article-title":"Origin of noradrenergic afferents to the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens: Anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing studies in the rat","volume":"806","author":"Delfs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04300.x","article-title":"Catecholamine mapping within nucleus accumbens: Differences in basal and amphetamine-stimulated efflux of norepinephrine and dopamine in shell and core","volume":"100","author":"McKittrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.048033","article-title":"Cross-talk between dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat ventral tegmental area, locus ceruleus, and dorsal hippocampus","volume":"74","author":"Guiard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.10.045","article-title":"The reboxetine-induced increase of accumbal dopamine efflux is inhibited by l-propranolol: A microdialysis study with freely moving rats","volume":"601","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973036","article-title":"Alpha 2 and beta-adrenoceptor agonists modulate [3H]dopamine release from rat nucleus accumbens slices: Implications for research into depression","volume":"9","author":"Nurse","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1537-0","article-title":"Dissociable effects of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin uptake blockade on stop task performance in rats","volume":"205","author":"Bari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1403","article-title":"The neural basis of addiction: A pathology of motivation and choice","volume":"162","author":"Kalivas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1579","article-title":"Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: From actions to habits to compulsion","volume":"8","author":"Everitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/19208","article-title":"Drug addiction: Bad habits add up","volume":"398","author":"Robbins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033809","article-title":"Addiction as a pathology in prefrontal cortical regulation of corticostriatal habit circuitry","volume":"14","author":"Kalivas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1539","article-title":"Drug addiction: The neurobiology of behaviour gone awry","volume":"5","author":"Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.11.1575","article-title":"Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: Results of imaging studies and treatment implications","volume":"64","author":"Volkow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.040","article-title":"The effects of cocaine: A shifting target over the course of addiction","volume":"31","author":"Porrino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0102","article-title":"Review","volume":"363","author":"Beveridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of addiction: The role of reward-related learning and memory","volume":"29","author":"Hyman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.534807","article-title":"Withdrawal from cocaine self-administration produces long-lasting deficits in orbitofrontal-dependent reversal learning in rats","volume":"14","author":"Calu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584","article-title":"Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective","volume":"8","author":"Bechara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158136","article-title":"High impulsivity predicts the switch to compulsive cocaine-taking","volume":"320","author":"Belin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0089","article-title":"Review","volume":"363","author":"Everitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","article-title":"An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance","volume":"28","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.11.006","article-title":"Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: Focus on the prefrontal cortex","volume":"113","author":"Ramos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.064","article-title":"Noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, deafferentation of prefrontal cortex impairs attentional set-shifting","volume":"153","author":"McGaughy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1097-8","article-title":"Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"200","author":"Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050447","article-title":"Effects of medial prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex lesions on responding for cocaine under fixed-ratio and second-order schedules of reinforcement in rats","volume":"134","author":"Weissenborn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.04.022","article-title":"Role of ventral medial prefrontal cortex in incubation of cocaine craving","volume":"56","author":"Koya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1196-x","article-title":"Selective inactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala attenuates conditioned-cued reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior in rats","volume":"168","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1642","article-title":"Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: Neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex","volume":"159","author":"Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890140210","article-title":"Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers","volume":"14","author":"Volkow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11017","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3321-04.2004","article-title":"Executive dysfunction in cocaine addiction: Evidence for discordant frontal, cingulate, and cerebellar activity","volume":"24","author":"Hester","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802295238","article-title":"Disrupted white matter integrity in heroin dependence: A controlled study utilizing diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01989.x","article-title":"Frontal and cingulate gray matter volume reduction in heroin dependence: Optimized voxel-based morphometry","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00088-1","article-title":"The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour","volume":"36","author":"Everitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6583","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006","article-title":"Cocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: Mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction","volume":"26","author":"Volkow","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0850-8","article-title":"The role of dorsal vs ventral striatal pathways in cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence in rats","volume":"194","author":"See","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.021","article-title":"Neurobehavioral mechanisms of impulsivity: Fronto-striatal systems and functional neurochemistry","volume":"90","author":"Dalley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1401.013","article-title":"The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsomedial striatum to behavioral flexibility","volume":"1121","author":"Ragozzino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010","article-title":"Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex","volume":"8","author":"Aron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322310010097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322310010097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T21:42:56Z","timestamp":1740778976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322310010097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322310010097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}