{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T18:49:40Z","timestamp":1772909380045,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T21:47:33Z","timestamp":1301694453000},"page":"169-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Relationship Between Genetic Variation in the Glutaminase Gene GLS1 and Brain Glutamine\/Glutamate Ratio Measured In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Dost","family":"\u00d6ng\u00fcr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Prescot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Eric","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richie","family":"Siburian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perry F.","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan W.","family":"Smoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033975","article-title":"Role of astrocytes in glutamate homeostasis: Implications for excitotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Schousboe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(00)25013-9","article-title":"The astrocyte-mediated coupling between synaptic activity and energy metabolism operates through volume transmission","volume":"125","author":"Magistretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1390","article-title":"Quantification of J-resolved proton spectra in two-dimensions with LCModel using GAMMA-simulated basis sets at 4 Tesla","volume":"22","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21287","article-title":"Proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of J-coupled resonances in human brain at 3 and 4 Tesla","volume":"58","author":"Posse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1027","article-title":"Improved two-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopy","volume":"19","author":"Schulte","year":"2006","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.016","article-title":"Metabolic alterations in focally activated primary somatosensory cortex of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats measured by 1H MRS at 11.7 T","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02579-3","article-title":"1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat: Longitudinal metabolic changes in ischemic core and rim","volume":"907","author":"Igarashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21447","article-title":"Quantitative proton spectroscopic imaging of the neurochemical profile in rat brain with microliter resolution at ultra-short echo times","volume":"59","author":"Mlynarik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1385","article-title":"Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: An in vivo localized (1)H MRS study","volume":"22","author":"Iltis","year":"2009","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.394","article-title":"Effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate glutamate metabolism in healthy humans: A 4-T proton MRS study","volume":"162","author":"Rowland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.11.013","article-title":"Methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, lowers brain glutamine and glutamate in a mouse model of ALS","volume":"290","author":"Ghoddoussi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9062-8","article-title":"Glutamate and schizophrenia: Beyond the dopamine hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Coyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001021","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA systems as targets for novel antidepressant and mood-stabilizing treatments","volume":"7","author":"Krystal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001551","article-title":"Glutamate as a therapeutic target in psychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"Javitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20042","article-title":"Bipolar disorder: Candidate drug targets","volume":"75","author":"Zarate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2462","article-title":"Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders","volume":"7","author":"Sanacora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1632","article-title":"Activation of mGlu2\/3 receptors as a new approach to treat schizophrenia: A randomized phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Patil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.10.006","article-title":"Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors as a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Conn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.023","article-title":"An open-label trial of the glutamate-modulating agent riluzole in combination with lithium for the treatment of bipolar depression","volume":"57","author":"Zarate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.014","article-title":"Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania","volume":"64","author":"Ongur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.191","article-title":"Rapid enhancement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in bipolar depression following treatment with riluzole","volume":"35","author":"Brennan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.39","article-title":"The relationship between aberrant neuronal activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate, altered glutamatergic metabolism, and anhedonia in major depression","volume":"66","author":"Walter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.11.1944","article-title":"Glutamate and glutamine measured with 4.0 T proton MRS in never-treated patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers","volume":"159","author":"Theberge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.121","article-title":"(1)H-MRS at 4 Tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Bustillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1165","article-title":"Implications for altered glutamate and GABA metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of aged schizophrenic patients","volume":"159","author":"Gluck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507901102","article-title":"Altered cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission with glial involvement in depression","volume":"102","author":"Choudary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.12.012","article-title":"Increased expression of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase mRNA in the thalamus in schizophrenia","volume":"75","author":"Bruneau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006585","article-title":"Global brain gene expression analysis links glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations to suicide and major depression","volume":"4","author":"Sequeira","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2006.10.444","article-title":"Genome wide gene expression studies in mood disorders","volume":"10","author":"Sequeira","year":"2006","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(86)90206-6","article-title":"Acute and short-term effects of lithium on glutamate metabolism in rat brain","volume":"35","author":"Marcus","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.58","article-title":"Glutaminase-deficient mice display hippocampal hypoactivity, insensitivity to pro-psychotic drugs and potentiated latent inhibition: Relevance to schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Gaisler-Salomon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.09.028","article-title":"An association study between polymorphisms in five genes in glutamate and GABA pathway and paranoid schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.009","article-title":"Increased plasma glutamate by antipsychotic medication and its relationship to glutaminase 1 and 2 genotypes in schizophrenia\u2014Juntendo University schizophrenia Projects (JUSP)","volume":"31","author":"Maeshima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.02.022","article-title":"New insights into brain glutaminases: Beyond their role on glutamatergic transmission","volume":"55","author":"Marquez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007668801570","article-title":"Phosphate-activated glutaminase and mitochondrial glutamine transport in the brain","volume":"25","author":"Kvamme","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.15.070195.001025","article-title":"Regulation of glutaminase activity and glutamine metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Curthoys","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.016","article-title":"Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Ongur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<266::AID-NBM530>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Simultaneous in vivo spectral editing and water suppression","volume":"11","author":"Mescher","year":"1998","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1669","article-title":"Efficiency and power in genetic association studies","volume":"37","author":"de Bakker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: A tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.7.705","article-title":"Subtype-specific alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression","volume":"61","author":"Sanacora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.016","article-title":"Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Ongur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.7.649","article-title":"Density of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA-containing neurons that express the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"61","author":"Woo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.02.005","article-title":"Circuit-based framework for understanding neurotransmitter and risk gene interactions in schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Lisman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.033670","article-title":"Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"191","author":"Theberge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13290","article-title":"Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders","volume":"95","author":"\u00d6ng\u00fcr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00527-5","article-title":"Glial cell abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders: The evidence and implications","volume":"55","author":"Cotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01080-0","article-title":"Reductions in neuronal and glial density characterize the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder","volume":"49","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.261","article-title":"Glial dysfunction in abstinent methamphetamine abusers","volume":"30","author":"Sailasuta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.008","article-title":"Glial loss in the prefrontal cortex is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors","volume":"64","author":"Banasr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.74","article-title":"Blockade of astrocytic glutamate uptake in rats induces signs of anhedonia without dysphoria and impaired spatial memory","volume":"35","author":"Bechtholt-Gompf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.106","article-title":"Glial pathology in an animal model of depression: Reversal of stress-induced cellular, metabolic and behavioral deficits by the glutamate-modulating drug riluzole","volume":"15","author":"Banasr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322311001272?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322311001272?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T16:19:44Z","timestamp":1560097184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322311001272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322311001272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}