{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:57:40Z","timestamp":1792144660463,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven","award":["OT\/05\/58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT\/05\/58"]}]},{"name":"Merck, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson & Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Merck, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson & Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:44:44Z","timestamp":1309481084000},"page":"777-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Brain Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Availability in Patients with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Pieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolien","family":"Goffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Bormans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Van Laere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12378-1","article-title":"Eating disorders","volume":"361","author":"Fairburn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.04.005","article-title":"Towards a neurocircuitry in anorexia nervosa: Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"43","author":"van Kuyck","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18-","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.67","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system as a link between homoeostatic and hedonic pathways involved in energy balance regulation","volume":"33","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063545","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain","volume":"296","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.012","article-title":"The acyclic CB1R inverse agonist taranabant mediates weight loss by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing caloric intake","volume":"7","author":"Addy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(97)00038-9","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of dronabinol for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated anorexia","volume":"14","author":"Beal","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20089","article-title":"Association study of cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) alleles and anorexia nervosa: Differences between restricting and binging\/purging subtypes","volume":"125B","author":"Siegfried","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300695","article-title":"Blood levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide are increased in anorexia nervosa and in binge-eating disorder, but not in bulimia nervosa","volume":"30","author":"Monteleone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-007-0018-x","article-title":"Cannabinoids in eating disorders and obesity","volume":"36","author":"Horcajadas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198306000-00004","article-title":"A double-blind trial of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in primary anorexia nervosa","volume":"3","author":"Gross","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9800","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703472104","article-title":"[18F]MK-9470, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for in vivo human PET brain imaging of the cannabinoid-1 receptor","volume":"104","author":"Burns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib12","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR (text Revision)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.014","article-title":"Normal brain tissue volumes after long-term recovery in anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"59","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/10640269308248279","article-title":"The Eating Disorder Evaluation Scale (EDES)","volume":"1","author":"Vandereycken","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Development and validation of a multidimensional Eating Disorder Inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia","volume":"2","author":"Garner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1340-5","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of the cannabinoid-1 receptor PET tracer [(18)F]MK-9470 in human brain","volume":"37","author":"Sanabria-Bohorquez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-006-0068-x","article-title":"A weight index for the standardized uptake value in 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose-positron emission tomography","volume":"9","author":"Thie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry\u2013the methods","volume":"11","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.130","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system in brain reward processes","volume":"154","author":"Solinas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2553","article-title":"Targeting the endocannabinoid system: To enhance or reduce?","volume":"7","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.08.101","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system in the basal ganglia and in the mesolimbic reward system: Implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders","volume":"480","author":"van der Stelt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704767","article-title":"Endocannabinoid levels in rat limbic forebrain and hypothalamus in relation to fasting, feeding and satiation: Stimulation of eating by 2-arachidonoyl glycerol","volume":"136","author":"Kirkham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03046-4","article-title":"Short-term fasting and prolonged semistarvation have opposite effects on 2-AG levels in mouse brain","volume":"983","author":"Hanus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020523000401","article-title":"Endocannabinoids and food intake: Newborn suckling and appetite regulation in adulthood","volume":"230","author":"Fride","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890510037419","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system and the treatment of obesity","volume":"37","author":"Pagotto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300601","article-title":"Downregulation of endocannabinoid signaling in the hippocampus following chronic unpredictable stress","volume":"30","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37979-0","article-title":"Large receptor reserve for cannabinoid actions in the central nervous system","volume":"288","author":"Gifford","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.06.006","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for the development of a novel class of antidepressants","volume":"30","author":"Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1138","article-title":"Plasma obestatin, ghrelin, and ghrelin\/obestatin ratio are increased in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa but not in symptomatic patients with bulimia nervosa","volume":"93","author":"Monteleone","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1797","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001797","article-title":"The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system","volume":"3","author":"Kola","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.07.011","article-title":"The effect of leptin receptor deficiency and fasting on cannabinoid receptor 1 mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus, brainstem and nodose ganglion","volume":"463","author":"Jelsing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/35071088","article-title":"Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake","volume":"410","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20531","article-title":"Leptin receptor deficiency is associated with upregulation of cannabinoid 1 receptors in limbic brain regions","volume":"62","author":"Thanos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13318","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211248200","article-title":"Leptin activates the anandamide hydrolase promoter in human T lymphocytes through STAT3","volume":"278","author":"Maccarrone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1429.014","article-title":"The pathophysiology of amenorrhea in the adolescent","volume":"1135","author":"Golden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006","article-title":"Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of recent literature","volume":"22","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.037","article-title":"Neurobiology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"94","author":"Kaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60529-6","article-title":"Functional anatomy of calorie fear in anorexia nervosa","volume":"352","author":"Ellison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.031","article-title":"Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images: An fMRI study","volume":"46","author":"Sachdev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32830a70f2","article-title":"Differential brain activation in anorexia nervosa to Fat and Thin words during a Stroop task","volume":"19","author":"Redgrave","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001376","article-title":"Upregulation of CB1 receptors and agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide victims","volume":"9","author":"Hungund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07061016","article-title":"Improvement in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder with dronabinol","volume":"165","author":"Schindler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERV.0000028081.40907.de","article-title":"The role of cognitive deficits in the development of eating disorders","volume":"14","author":"Lena","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.08.012","article-title":"Increased brain histamine H1 receptor binding in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"65","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.006","article-title":"Organic background of restrictive-type anorexia nervosa suggested by increased serotonin (1A) receptor binding in right frontotemporal cortex of both lean and recovered patients: [(18)F]MPPF PET scan study","volume":"64","author":"Galusca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018398","article-title":"Motivations for dieting: Drive for thinness is different from drive for objective thinness","volume":"119","author":"Chernyak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib47","first-page":"325","article-title":"Neuroimaging in eating disorders","volume":"6","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.03.013","article-title":"A cross-sectional and follow-up voxel-based morphometric MRI study in adolescent anorexia nervosa","volume":"43","author":"Castro-Fornieles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.02.004","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry in eating disorders: Correlation of psychopathology with grey matter volume","volume":"182","author":"Joos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.08.035","article-title":"Reduction of gray matter density in the extrastriate body area in women with anorexia nervosa","volume":"206","author":"Suchan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322311005075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322311005075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T15:59:20Z","timestamp":1762099160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322311005075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322311005075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brain Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Availability in Patients with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}