{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T21:57:12Z","timestamp":1782165432979,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2T32GM07205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T32GM07205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31NS077540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31NS077540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,5]],"date-time":"2014-10-05T19:58:47Z","timestamp":1412539127000},"page":"e13-e14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Successful Treatment of Tourette Syndrome With Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Kothari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Leckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Ostroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.071050","article-title":"Psychosocial outcome and psychiatric comorbidity in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome: Controlled study","volume":"197","author":"Gorman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0165-5","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders","volume":"20","author":"Roessner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25488","article-title":"Current controversies on the role of behavior therapy in Tourette syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Scahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","article-title":"The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: Initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00022","article-title":"Response of major depression and Tourette\u05f3s syndrome to ECT: A case report","volume":"60","author":"Rapoport","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib6","first-page":"34","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with severe tic and major depressive episode","volume":"51","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181eb30b3","article-title":"Long-term results of electroconvulsive therapy in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Dehning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.167","article-title":"Advances in understanding and treatment of Tourette syndrome","volume":"7","author":"McNaught","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70018-1","article-title":"Tourette\u05f3s syndrome: From behaviour to biology","volume":"4","author":"Singer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib10","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","first-page":"205","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathology in Tourette Syndrome","author":"Vaccarino","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001","article-title":"Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research","volume":"29","author":"Albin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws056","article-title":"Functional immaturity of cortico-basal ganglia networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Worbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814543303","article-title":"Evaluation of basal ganglia and thalamic inflammation in children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection and Tourette syndrome: A positron emission tomographic (PET) study using 11C-[R]-PK11195","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.018","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the human striatum in Tourette syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Lennington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.06.032","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine-associated depression","volume":"1617","author":"Lotrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00919.x","article-title":"Imaging onset and propagation of ECT-induced seizures","volume":"48","author":"Enev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.10.020","article-title":"Focal network involvement in generalized seizures: New insights from electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"5","author":"McNally","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.126","article-title":"Lessons learned from open-label deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Eight cases over 7 years","author":"Motlagh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 3.pii:tre-03-170-4428-1."}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322314007434?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322314007434?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1650331472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322314007434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322314007434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}