{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T05:09:23Z","timestamp":1793855363688,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,19]],"date-time":"2015-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T18:36:32Z","timestamp":1450722992000},"page":"390-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["A Human Open Field Test Reveals Thigmotaxis Related to Agoraphobic Fear"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Walz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fchlberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib1","series-title":"Fears, Phobias and Rituals: Panic, Anxiety and Their Disorders","author":"Marks","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01272-X","article-title":"The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: A review","volume":"463","author":"Prut","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00291-1","article-title":"Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behavior in mice: A review","volume":"125","author":"Belzung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.1.21","article-title":"Cognitive and affective aspects of thigmotaxis strategy in humans","volume":"121","author":"K\u00e1llai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib5","first-page":"138","article-title":"Die Agoraphobie, eine neuropathische Erscheinung","volume":"3","author":"Westphal","year":"1871"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028589","article-title":"Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning","volume":"77","author":"Bolles","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033536","article-title":"Species-specific behavior and acquisition of avoidance in rats","volume":"81","author":"Grossen","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.483","article-title":"Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning","volume":"108","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.16.4.372","article-title":"Selective associations in the observational conditioning of fear in rhesus monkeys","volume":"16","author":"Cook","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.93.4.355","article-title":"Observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys","volume":"93","author":"Mineka","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.108.3.532","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Replication and extension","volume":"108","author":"Schmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.47","article-title":"The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF)","volume":"7","author":"Kessler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib13","series-title":"Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV","author":"Wittchen","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90143-9","article-title":"Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness","volume":"24","author":"Reiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5350","article-title":"Time location analysis for exposure assessment studies of children using a novel global positioning system instrument","volume":"111","author":"Elgethun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib16","series-title":"Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI) [State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)]","author":"Laux","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib17","first-page":"139","article-title":"Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der \u201cPositive and Negative Affect Schedule\u201d (PANAS) [Investigations with a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)]","volume":"42","author":"Krohne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib18","series-title":"AKV\u2014Fragebogen zu k\u00f6rperbezogenen \u00c4ngsten, Kognitionen und Vermeidung","author":"Ehlers","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib19","unstructured":"Google Inc. (2012): Google Earth-Kartenservice. Version 6.0. Available at: http:\/\/www.google-earth.com. Accessed November 12, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib20","series-title":"Die Ausgleichsrechnung nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate: Mit Anwendungen auf die Geod\u00e4sie, Physik und die Theorie der Messinstrumente","author":"Helmert","year":"1924"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00452-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the elevated plus-maze and open field tests for the assessment of anxiety-related behavior in inbred mice","volume":"134","author":"Carola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5001-07.2008","article-title":"Human hippocampal and parahippocampal theta during goal-directed spatial navigation predicts performance on a virtual Morris water maze","volume":"28","author":"Cornwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.13","article-title":"Hippocampal-dorsolateral prefrontal coupling as a species-conserved cognitive mechanism: A human translational imaging study","volume":"40","author":"B\u00e4hner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.109","article-title":"Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: Role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxiety","volume":"35","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01665-7","article-title":"Startle reactivity and anxiety disorders: Aversive conditioning, context, and neurobiology","volume":"52","author":"Grillon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90413-3","article-title":"Thigmotaxis as a test for anxiolytic activity in rats","volume":"31","author":"Treit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.4","article-title":"A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder","volume":"108","author":"Bouton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008429","article-title":"Fears and phobias: Reliability and heritability","volume":"29","author":"Kendler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00608.x","article-title":"Face the beast and fear the face: Animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion","volume":"23","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00186-2","article-title":"Contextual fear, gestalt memories, and the hippocampus","volume":"110","author":"Fanselow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-009-0288-5","article-title":"Anxiety-dependent spatial navigation strategies in virtual and real spaces","volume":"10","author":"K\u00e1llai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.01.011","article-title":"Enhanced discrimination between threatening and safe contexts in high-anxious individuals","volume":"93","author":"Glotzbach-Schoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.09.014","article-title":"Initial and sustained brain responses to contextual conditioned anxiety in humans","volume":"63","author":"Andreatta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322315010604?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322315010604?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T14:28:23Z","timestamp":1537108103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322315010604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322315010604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}