{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T08:44:46Z","timestamp":1792917886347,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T03:42:51Z","timestamp":1513309371000},"page":"355-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Gamma Ventral Capsulotomy in Intractable Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Noren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Marsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Malloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Salloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Jenike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities","volume":"45","author":"Karno","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib2","first-page":"5","article-title":"The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"Suppl 55","author":"Weismann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70177-5","article-title":"Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"23","author":"Koran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950130053006","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of serotonin transport inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Greist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib6","series-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Contemporary Issues in Management","first-page":"333","article-title":"Biological approaches to treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"Goodman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(98)80012-9","article-title":"Does cognitive-behavioral therapy cure obsessive-compulsive disorder? A meta-analytic evaluation of clinical significance","volume":"29","author":"Abramowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib8","first-page":"11","article-title":"Managing the patient with treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: Current strategies","volume":"55","author":"Jenike","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70188-X","article-title":"Neuroanatomically based approaches to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosurgery and transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Greenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib10","first-page":"547","article-title":"Experiments with gammacapsulotomy in anxiety and compulsive neuroses","volume":"75","author":"Rylander","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib11","volume":"Vol VI","author":"Leksell","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib12","series-title":"Current Concepts in OCD","first-page":"244","article-title":"Capsulotomy and cingulotomy as treatments for malignant obsessive compulsive disorder: An update","author":"Mindus","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib13","series-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Practical Management","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"Jenike","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib14","first-page":"61","article-title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder and the right hemisphere: Topographic analysis of lesions after anterior capsulotomy performed with thermocoagulation","volume":"68","author":"Lippitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.8.914","article-title":"Capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up of 25 patients","volume":"65","author":"Ruck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020023004","article-title":"Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"53","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820090009002","article-title":"Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"49","author":"Baxter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.250","article-title":"Differential cerebral metabolic changes with paroxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder vs major depression","volume":"59","author":"Saxena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002134","article-title":"Rapid effects of brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain glucose metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Saxena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.152","article-title":"Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"66","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.006","article-title":"Brain corticostriatal systems and the major clinical symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"73","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib22","series-title":"Principles of Frontal Lobe Function","first-page":"85","article-title":"Functional architecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","author":"Goldman-Rakic","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2457-12.2013","article-title":"Human and monkey ventral prefrontal fibers use the same organizational principles to reach their targets: Tracing versus tractography","volume":"33","author":"Jbabdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2012.732083","article-title":"OCD behavior therapy before and after gamma ventral capsulotomy: Case report","volume":"20","author":"Spofford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1193","article-title":"Gamma ventral capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.12090226","article-title":"Who qualifies for deep brain stimulation for OCD? Data from a naturalistic clinical sample","volume":"26","author":"Garnaat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.5.JNS13201","article-title":"\u03b3 knife surgery anterior capsulotomy for severe and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"119","author":"Sheehan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib28","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"2527","article-title":"Neurosurgery for behavioral disorders","author":"Ballantine","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib29","series-title":"Neurosurgical Treatment in Psychiatry, Pain and Epilepsy","first-page":"287","article-title":"Long-term results of stereotactic anterior capsulotomy in chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis","author":"Bingley","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib30","first-page":"353","article-title":"Therapeutic outcome in limbic leucotomy in psychiatric patients","volume":"76","author":"Kelly","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.28.4.304","article-title":"Stereotactic tractotomy in the surgical treatment of mental illness","volume":"28","author":"Knight","year":"1965","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199708000-00011","article-title":"Radiosurgical lesions in the normal human brain 17 years after gamma knife capsulotomy","volume":"41","author":"Kihlstrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199502000-00008","article-title":"Radiobiology of radiosurgery for refractory anxiety disorders","volume":"36","author":"Kihlstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.6.0899","article-title":"Radiation necrosis following gamma knife surgery: A case-controlled comparison of treatment parameters and long-term clinical follow-up","volume":"94","author":"Chin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.128","article-title":"Invasive circuitry-based neurotherapeutics: Stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation for OCD","volume":"35","author":"Greenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.513","article-title":"Capsulotomy for refractory anxiety disorders: Long-term follow-up of 26 patients","volume":"160","author":"Ruck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.269","article-title":"Prospective long-term follow-up of 44 patients who received cingulotomy for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"159","author":"Dougherty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS132618","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation versus anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review of the literature","volume":"122","author":"Pepper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.113","article-title":"Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought","volume":"66","author":"Rabins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000095031","article-title":"Bilateral anterior cingulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up results","volume":"84","author":"Jung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322317322849?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322317322849?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T05:53:02Z","timestamp":1534139582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322317322849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322317322849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}