{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:48:08Z","timestamp":1793274488677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH103291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH103291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH103291-S2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH103291-S2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HL130650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HL130650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32MH114317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32MH114317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1537995848000},"page":"268-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":296,"title":["Early Experiences of Threat, but Not Deprivation, Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie L.","family":"Colich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4904-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Don","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders","volume":"67","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2277","article-title":"Childhood adversities and first onset of psychiatric disorders in a national sample of US adolescents","volume":"69","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.021","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.076877","article-title":"Physical and sexual abuse in childhood as predictors of early onset cardiovascular events in women","volume":"126","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000536","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent adversity and cardiometabolic outcomes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Suglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.11.018","article-title":"The stress acceleration hypothesis: Effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior","volume":"7","author":"Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000900","article-title":"Contextual adversity, telomere erosion, pubertal development and health: Two models of accelerated aging\u2014or one?","volume":"28","author":"Belsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307893110","article-title":"Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation","volume":"110","author":"Gee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.26","article-title":"Early life adversity and telomere length: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ridout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3415","article-title":"The association of telomere length with family violence and disruption","volume":"134","author":"Drury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.32","article-title":"Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: A longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Shalev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.023","article-title":"Stress-related telomere length in children: A systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Coimbra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023838","article-title":"Individual differences in boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 timing and tempo of puberty: Modeling development with nonlinear growth models","volume":"47","author":"Marceau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2307\/1131166","article-title":"Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary theory of socialization","volume":"62","author":"Belsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-005-1009-0","article-title":"Early stress predicts age at menarche and first birth, adult attachment, and expected lifespan","volume":"16","author":"Chisolm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Nat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12201","article-title":"Early childhood maltreatment and pubertal development: Replication in a population-based sample","volume":"26","author":"Mendle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-009-9063-7","article-title":"Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk","volume":"20","author":"Ellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Nat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000849","article-title":"Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development","volume":"26","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101020","article-title":"DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: Meta-analysis predicting time to death","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0228-z","article-title":"Epigenetic age acceleration predicts cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in a German case cohort","volume":"8","author":"Perna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0584-6","article-title":"DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life","volume":"16","author":"Marioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu277","article-title":"The epigenetic clock is correlated with physical and cognitive fitness in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936","volume":"44","author":"Marioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100864","article-title":"Epigenetic age of the pre-frontal cortex is associated with neuritic plaques, amyloid load, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease related cognitive functioning","volume":"7","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412759111","article-title":"Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver","volume":"111","author":"Horvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.06.003","article-title":"Life stress, glucocorticoid signaling, and the aging epigenome: Implications for aging-related diseases","volume":"74","author":"Gassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.007","article-title":"Traumatic stress and accelerated DNA methylation age: A meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0828-5","article-title":"Lifetime stress accelerates epigenetic aging in an urban, African American cohort: Relevance of glucocorticoid signaling","volume":"16","author":"Zannas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12495","article-title":"Family-centered prevention ameliorates the longitudinal association between risky family processes and epigenetic aging","volume":"57","author":"Brody","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615626703","article-title":"Supportive family environments ameliorate the link between racial discrimination and epigenetic aging: A replication across two longitudinal cohorts","volume":"27","author":"Brody","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8962","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09235-9","article-title":"Exposure to violence accelerates epigenetic aging in children","volume":"7","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00708.x","article-title":"Pubertal timing, depression, and externalizing problems: A framework, review, and examination of gender differences","volume":"21","author":"Negriff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09081190","article-title":"Outcomes of early pubertal timing in young women: A prospective population-based study","volume":"167","author":"Copeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012","article-title":"Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience","volume":"47","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.09.001","article-title":"Dimensions of early experience and neural development: Deprivation and threat","volume":"18","author":"Sheridan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721416655883","article-title":"Beyond cumulative risk: A dimensional approach to childhood adversity","volume":"25","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001390","article-title":"Dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct associations with neural systems underlying executive functioning","volume":"29","author":"Sheridan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000584","article-title":"Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion regulation and cognitive control in adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.344","article-title":"Childhood abuse and deprivation are associated with distinct sex-dependent differences in brain morphology","volume":"41","author":"Everaerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib41","article-title":"Differential associations of distinct forms of childhood adversity with neurobehavioral measures of reward processing: A developmental pathway to depression","author":"Dennison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.02.043","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement: A multi-modal investigation of neural mechanisms in children and adolescents","volume":"173","author":"Rosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175690","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175690","article-title":"Childhood socioeconomic status and childhood maltreatment: Distinct associations with brain structure","volume":"12","author":"Lawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x","article-title":"Family rearing antecedents of pubertal timing","volume":"78","author":"Belsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2011.00746.x","article-title":"Associations between early life stress, child maltreatment, and pubertal development among girls in foster care","volume":"21","author":"Mendle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.09.008","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse and early timing of puberty","volume":"60","author":"Noll","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.006","article-title":"Childhood abuse and age at menarche","volume":"52","author":"Boynton-Jarrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.920","article-title":"Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: An integrated life history approach","volume":"130","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-125","article-title":"Food insecurity and age at menarche among adolescent girls in Jimma Zone Southwest Ethiopia: A longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Belachew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.08.005","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of childhood social hardships and age at menarche","volume":"22","author":"Boynton-Jarrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib51","unstructured":"Johnson DE, Almas AN, Degnan KA, McLaughlin KA, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH (in press): Pubertal development and the caregiving environment in early adolescence in socially deprived Romanian children: A randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199712000-00026","article-title":"Is psychopathology associated with the timing of pubertal development?","volume":"36","author":"Graber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000120022.14101.11","article-title":"Is pubertal timing associated with psychopathology in young adulthood?","volume":"43","author":"Graber","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib54","series-title":"Children\u2019s Depression Inventory Manual","author":"Kovacs","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib55","series-title":"Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents","first-page":"209","article-title":"Assessment of depression in children and adolescents by self-report measures","author":"Reynolds","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib56","series-title":"Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL\/4-18, YSR and TRF Profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.5.1017","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Child Behavior Checklist scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A receiver-operating characteristic analysis","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3303_13","article-title":"The utility of measures of child and adolescent anxiety: A meta-analytic review of the Revised Children\u2019s Manifest Anxiety Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Child Behavior Checklist","volume":"33","author":"Seligman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088471","article-title":"Validation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib62","first-page":"535","article-title":"The measurement of puberty: A review","volume":"25","author":"Coleman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01263.x","article-title":"Pubertal development: Correspondence between hormonal and physical development","volume":"80","author":"Shirtcliff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153075","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3075","article-title":"State of the art review: Poverty and the developing brain","volume":"137","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib65","series-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32278","article-title":"DNA extracted from saliva for methylation studies of psychiatric traits: Evidence tissue specificity and relatedness to brain","volume":"168B","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-86","article-title":"DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution","volume":"13","author":"Houseman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.25430","article-title":"Blood-based profiles of DNA methylation predict the underlying distribution of cell types: A validation analysis","volume":"8","author":"Koestler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.53","article-title":"Telomere length and early severe social deprivation: Linking early adversity and cellular aging","volume":"17","author":"Drury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.09.023","article-title":"Accelerated telomere shortening: Tracking the lasting impact of early institutional care at the cellular level","volume":"246","author":"Humphreys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6420","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0038-16.2016","article-title":"Previous institutionalization is followed by broader amygdala-hippocampal-PFC network connectivity during aversive learning in human development","volume":"36","author":"Silvers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050145","article-title":"Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity","volume":"17","author":"Boyce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613513467","article-title":"Why are childhood family factors associated with timing of maturation? A role for internal prediction","volume":"9","author":"Rickard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib74","first-page":"20131343","article-title":"The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history","volume":"280","author":"Nettle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.165","article-title":"Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology","volume":"40","author":"Humphreys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2015.1110823","article-title":"Future directions in childhood adversity and youth psychopathology","volume":"45","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.06.010","article-title":"Transdiagnostic psychiatric disorder risk associated with early age of menarche: A latent modeling approach","volume":"79","author":"Platt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2009.00581.x","article-title":"Trajectories of depressed mood from early adolescence to young adulthood: The effects of pubertal timing and adolescent dating","volume":"19","author":"Natsuaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506264112","article-title":"Quantification of biological aging in young adults","volume":"112","author":"Belsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib81","first-page":"1220","article-title":"Eleven telomere, epigenetic clock, and biomarker-composite quantifications of biological aging: Do they measure the same thing?","volume":"187","author":"Belsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","article-title":"Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence","volume":"45","author":"Hardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00722.x","article-title":"Puberty and its measurement: A decade in review","volume":"21","author":"Dorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1030-0","article-title":"An epigenetic clock analysis of race\/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease","volume":"17","author":"Horvath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.07.032","article-title":"Father absence, body mass index, and pubertal timing in girls: Differential effects by family income and ethnicity","volume":"48","author":"Deardorff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.844","article-title":"Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart","volume":"111","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1223","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.188","article-title":"Accelerated DNA methylation age in adolescent girls: Associations with elevated diurnal cortisol and reduced hippocampal volume","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0078","article-title":"The correlation of methylation levels measured using Illumina 450K and EPIC BeadChips in blood samples","volume":"9","author":"Logue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenomics"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322318318511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322318318511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T15:02:05Z","timestamp":1757775725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322318318511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322318318511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early Experiences of Threat, but Not Deprivation, Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}