{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:42:44Z","timestamp":1782268964773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013327","name":"H. Lundbeck A\/S","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-16-CE37-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE37-0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T17:39:53Z","timestamp":1631122793000},"page":"194-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Decoding Activity in Broca's Area Predicts the Occurrence of Auditory Hallucinations Across Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0077-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Fovet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Yger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amicie","family":"de Pierrefeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Duchesnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselin","family":"Houenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8459-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Szaffarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-7349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Domenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Jardri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib1","series-title":"A\u00a0Dictionary of Hallucinations","author":"Blom","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.7.1153","article-title":"Persistent auditory hallucinations that are unresponsive to antipsychotic drugs","volume":"163","author":"Nicolson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113314","article-title":"Hallucinations and other psychotic experiences across diagnoses: A comparison of phenomenological features","volume":"292","author":"Schutte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby057","article-title":"Hallucinations Beyond Voices: A conceptual review of the phenomenology of altered perception in psychosis","volume":"45","author":"Pienkos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.014","article-title":"The challenges and promise of neuroimaging in psychiatry","volume":"73","author":"Linden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs066","article-title":"Neuroimaging auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: From neuroanatomy to neurochemistry and beyond","volume":"38","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.11.002","article-title":"Interaction of language, auditory and memory brain networks in auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"148","author":"\u0106ur\u010di\u0107-Blake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80715-1","article-title":"Activation of Heschl\u2019s gyrus during auditory hallucinations","volume":"22","author":"Dierks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn251","article-title":"Auditory verbal hallucinations predominantly activate the right inferior frontal area","volume":"131","author":"Sommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.041","article-title":"The spatiotemporal pattern of auditory cortical responses during verbal hallucinations","volume":"27","author":"van de Ven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09101522","article-title":"Cortical activations during auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A coordinate-based meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Jardri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/3738","article-title":"The anatomy of conscious vision: An fMRI study of visual hallucinations","volume":"1","author":"Ffytche","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs082","article-title":"The neurodynamic organization of modality-dependent hallucinations","volume":"23","author":"Jardri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00185-6","article-title":"What can we learn from fMRI capture of visual hallucinations in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"14","author":"Dujardin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.005","article-title":"Deconstructing multivariate decoding for the study of brain function","volume":"180","author":"Hebart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23707","article-title":"fMRI capture of auditory hallucinations: Validation of the two-steps method","volume":"38","author":"Leroy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800015873","article-title":"Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: A cognitive approach","volume":"23","author":"Morrison","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800444000191","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Intrusive thoughts and forgotten memories","volume":"11","author":"Waters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600244103","article-title":"Information-based functional brain mapping","volume":"103","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23197","article-title":"Network dynamics during the different stages of hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib22","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq097","article-title":"The brain\u2019s voices: Comparing nonclinical auditory hallucinations and imagery","volume":"21","author":"Linden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.09.007","article-title":"Poor supplementary motor area activation differentiates auditory verbal hallucination from imagining the hallucination","volume":"1","author":"Raij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.09.036","article-title":"I\u00a0tried a bunch of things: The dangers of unexpected overfitting in classification of brain data","volume":"119","author":"Hosseini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.061","article-title":"Cross-validation failure: Small sample sizes lead to large error bars","volume":"180","author":"Varoquaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.02.011","article-title":"Cytoarchitectonic and receptorarchitectonic organization in Broca\u2019s region and surrounding cortex","volume":"21","author":"Zilles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.06.030","article-title":"The role of the supplementary motor area for speech and language processing","volume":"68","author":"Hertrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0118-6","article-title":"Aberrant salience network functional connectivity in auditory verbal hallucinations: A first episode psychosis sample","volume":"8","author":"Mallikarjun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.01.025","article-title":"Reproducibility of brain activation during auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"146","author":"Diederen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91707-S","article-title":"Increased blood flow in Broca\u2019s area during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"342","author":"McGuire","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3458","article-title":"Pavlovian conditioning-induced hallucinations result from overweighting of perceptual priors","volume":"357","author":"Powers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.040","article-title":"Sensory-motor networks involved in speech production and motor control: An fMRI study","volume":"109","author":"Behroozmand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib34","first-page":"393","article-title":"Hallucinations as top-down effects on perception","volume":"1","author":"Powers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.12.003","article-title":"Thought as action: Inner speech, self-monitoring, and auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.181","article-title":"The multimodal connectivity of the hippocampal complex in auditory and visual hallucinations","volume":"19","author":"Amad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09040456","article-title":"Deactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus preceding auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"167","author":"Diederen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.03.004","article-title":"Disrupted network cross talk, hippocampal dysfunction and hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"199","author":"Hare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23953","article-title":"Prediction of activation patterns preceding hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia using machine learning with structured sparsity","volume":"39","author":"de Pierrefeu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.07.014","article-title":"The Arcuate Fasciculus in auditory-verbal hallucinations: A meta-analysis of diffusion-tensor-imaging studies","volume":"159","author":"Geoffroy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib41","series-title":"2012 IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP)","first-page":"229","article-title":"Regularized hyperalignment of multi-set fMRI data","author":"Xu","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz0032","article-title":"The primitive brain of early Homo","volume":"372","author":"Ponce de Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.010","article-title":"Error processing and inhibitory control in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis using statistical parametric maps","volume":"85","author":"Norman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24748","article-title":"The neural correlates of \u201cmind blanking\u201d: When the mind goes away","volume":"40","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa103","article-title":"Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for the relief of distressing auditory-verbal hallucinations: Methodological and empirical advances","volume":"46","author":"Humpston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0067-5","article-title":"Real-time fMRI neurofeedback to down-regulate superior temporal gyrus activity in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations: A proof-of-concept study","volume":"8","author":"Orlov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.10.010","article-title":"What is the real effect of 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hallucinations? Controlling for publication bias in neuromodulation trials","volume":"71","author":"Demeulemeester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322321015699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322321015699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:06:17Z","timestamp":1762099577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322321015699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322321015699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.05.21.445102","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding Activity in Broca's Area Predicts the Occurrence of Auditory Hallucinations Across Subjects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}