{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T19:11:32Z","timestamp":1794251492766,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R268-2016-3925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R268-2016-3925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T21:04:02Z","timestamp":1649538242000},"page":"563-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid From 106 Patients With Recent-Onset Depression Compared With 106 Individually Matched Healthy Control Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Nina Vindegaard","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Orlovska-Waast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalie Wandel","family":"Klein-Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune Haubo Bojesen","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Eriksen","family":"Benros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2017.1362385","article-title":"Animal inflammation-based models of depression and their application to drug discovery [published correction appears in Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1179]","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: From evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020412","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020412","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Daneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.06.033","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders","volume":"726","author":"Kealy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.8.897","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A consensus report [published correction appears in J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:826]","volume":"57","author":"Andersson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib7","article-title":"The diagnostic value of IgG index versus oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Simonsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11412","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11412","article-title":"Increased cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen in major depressive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Hattori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa049","article-title":"Increased matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Omori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.03.024","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid BDNF pro-peptide levels in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"113","author":"Mizui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90401-M","article-title":"Elevated CSF protein in male patients with depression","volume":"28","author":"Pitts","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(99)00026-6","article-title":"Elevated concentration of N-CAM VASE isoforms in schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Vawter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3180547091","article-title":"The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and depression in elderly women","volume":"15","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199706000-00004","article-title":"Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction for high molecular weight proteins in Alzheimer disease and major depression: Indication for disease subsets","volume":"11","author":"Hampel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199903000-00002","article-title":"Oligoclonal bands and blood\u2014Cerebrospinal-fluid barrier dysfunction in a subset of patients with Alzheimer disease: Comparison with vascular dementia, major depression, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Hampel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03633-0","article-title":"Neuroimmunological investigations of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with recent onset depression\u2014A study protocol","volume":"22","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012","article-title":"SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"47","author":"Wing","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A\u00a0rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000457131","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the clinimetric properties of the 6-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6)","volume":"86","author":"Timmerby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A\u00a0new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004365","article-title":"Escitalopram dose-response revisited: An alternative psychometric approach to evaluate clinical effects of escitalopram compared to citalopram and placebo in patients with major depression","volume":"7","author":"Bech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)89104-3","article-title":"Quality of life instruments in depression","volume":"12","author":"Bech","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib25","first-page":"323","article-title":"Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning","volume":"101","author":"Morosini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760387533","article-title":"The concurrent validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)","volume":"41","author":"Startup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","article-title":"Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)","volume":"20","author":"Herdman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.09.011","article-title":"The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia: Reliability, sensitivity, and comparison with a standard neurocognitive battery","volume":"68","author":"Keefe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment [published correction appears in Am J Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1991]","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790060110016","article-title":"The Mini-Mental State Examination","volume":"40","author":"Folstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.390","article-title":"Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test","volume":"1","author":"Bowie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.045450","article-title":"Neurological abnormalities and cognitive ability in first-episode psychosis","volume":"193","author":"Dazzan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2","article-title":"A\u00a0consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking","volume":"73","author":"Teunissen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib34","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Approach to the patient with central nervous system infection","author":"Tunkel","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0258-8","article-title":"Cell index\u2014A new parameter for the early diagnosis of ventriculostomy (external ventricular drainage)-related ventriculitis in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage?","volume":"146","author":"Pfausler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib36","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis","volume":"68","author":"Seehusen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.030","article-title":"Evidence of cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in patients with depressive syndromes","volume":"198","author":"Endres","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76556-7","article-title":"The effect of smoking on chronic inflammation, immune function and blood cell composition","volume":"10","author":"Elisia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00428-9","article-title":"Fluoxetine treatment alters leukocyte trafficking in the intrathecal compartment of the young primate","volume":"40","author":"Coe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.23.5.965-966.1986","article-title":"Leukocyte survival in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"23","author":"Steele","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12698","article-title":"Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression: A meta-analysis of 82 studies","volume":"135","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b","article-title":"Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: A meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Howren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: Comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in depression: A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls","volume":"87","author":"Osimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100992","article-title":"Role of inflammation in depression and anxiety: Tests for disorder specificity, linearity and potential causality of association in the UK Biobank","volume":"38","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0395-3","article-title":"Shared mechanisms between coronary heart disease and depression: Findings from a large UK general population-based cohort [published correction appears in Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3659\u20133661]","volume":"25","author":"Khandaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0857-7","article-title":"Correction: Shared mechanisms between coronary heart disease and depression: Findings from a large UK general population-based cohort","volume":"26","author":"Khandaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-200401000-00002","article-title":"Biological mediators of acute inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Rankin","year":"2004","journal-title":"AACN Clin Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0738","article-title":"Validation of serum markers for blood-brain barrier disruption in traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Blyth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11409","article-title":"Serum S100beta: A noninvasive marker of blood-brain barrier function and brain lesions [published correction appears in Cancer 2006; 107:2314]","volume":"97","author":"Kanner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.11.008","article-title":"Glial pathology is modified by age in mood disorders\u2014A systematic meta-analysis of serum S100B in\u00a0vivo studies","volume":"134","author":"Schroeter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib56","author":"Wells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-90","article-title":"Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode","volume":"9","author":"Bromet","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322322011581?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322322011581?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T15:15:41Z","timestamp":1757776541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322322011581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322322011581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid From 106 Patients With Recent-Onset Depression Compared With 106 Individually Matched Healthy Control Subjects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}