{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:41:41Z","timestamp":1793162501065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,26]],"date-time":"2026-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1795651200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH110674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH110674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"NIAAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54AA027989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54AA027989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"NIAAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AA029706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AA029706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"NIAAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AA02747307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AA02747307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"NIAAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AA031345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AA031345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T11:48:21Z","timestamp":1747914501000},"page":"49-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Greater Neuroimmune System Deficit in Women Than Men With Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Zakiniaeiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansel T.","family":"Hillmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Nabulsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Matuskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Angarita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry A.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly P.","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.2.01","article-title":"Gender differences in the epidemiology of alcohol use and related harms in the United States","volume":"40","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.26346","article-title":"Trends in alcohol-related deaths by sex in the US, 1999-2020","volume":"6","author":"Karaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107055","article-title":"Sex and alcohol use disorder predict the presence of cancer, respiratory, and other medical conditions: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and Related Conditions-III","volume":"123","author":"Verplaetse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00153.x","article-title":"Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Rehm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24625","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in brain function and structure in alcohol use: A narrative review of neuroimaging findings over the last 10 years","volume":"99","author":"Verplaetse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00441-3","article-title":"Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response","volume":"13","author":"McKee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib8","first-page":"97","article-title":"Focus on: Alcohol and the immune system","volume":"33","author":"Molina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12461","article-title":"Gender differences in the inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles induced by binge ethanol drinking in adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Pascual","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12543","article-title":"Young alcohol binge drinkers have elevated blood endotoxin, peripheral inflammation and low cortisol levels: Neuropsychological correlations in women","volume":"23","author":"Orio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.05.011","article-title":"Microglia control escalation of drinking in alcohol-dependent mice: Genomic and synaptic drivers","volume":"88","author":"Warden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.01.006","article-title":"Adolescent binge alcohol exposure induces long-lasting partial activation of microglia","volume":"25","author":"McClain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02198-6","article-title":"Imaging the brain\u2019s immune response to alcohol with [11C]PBR28 TSPO positron emission tomography","volume":"28","author":"Raval","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.12.019","article-title":"Transcriptional control of maladaptive and protective responses in alcoholics: A role of the NF-\u03baB system","volume":"25","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61158-2","article-title":"Systemic infection and delirium: When cytokines and acetylcholine collide","volume":"375","author":"van Gool","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3010001","article-title":"Long-term consequences of developmental alcohol exposure on brain structure and function: Therapeutic benefits of physical activity","volume":"3","author":"Klintsova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.031","article-title":"The role of neuroimmune signaling in alcoholism","volume":"122","author":"Crews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100149","article-title":"Sex differences in stress-related alcohol use","volume":"10","author":"Peltier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt069","article-title":"Alcohol, moods and male-female differences: Daily interactive voice response over 6 months","volume":"49","author":"Harder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v34.4.07","article-title":"How does stress lead to risk of alcohol relapse?","volume":"34","author":"Sinha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2023.100562","article-title":"Sex-dependent factors of alcohol and neuroimmune mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Cruz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.147","article-title":"An 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) polymorphism explains differences in binding affinity of the PET radioligand PBR28","volume":"32","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz287","article-title":"A quantitative neuropathological assessment of translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Nutma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0128-x","article-title":"Current paradigm of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) as a molecular target for PET imaging in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"3","author":"Ching","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.06.023","article-title":"Overexpression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavioural effects","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1961","article-title":"Increased transcription of TSPO, HDAC2, and HDAC6 in the amygdala of males with alcohol use disorder","volume":"11","author":"De Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3295","article-title":"Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.10","article-title":"In vivo imaging of translocator protein, a marker of activated microglia, in alcohol dependence","volume":"22","author":"Hillmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.264","article-title":"Decreased hippocampal translocator protein (18 kDa) expression in alcohol dependence: A [11C]PBR28 PET study","volume":"7","author":"Kalk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0085-x","article-title":"Influence of alcoholism and cholesterol on TSPO binding in brain: PET [11C]PBR28 studies in humans and rodents","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04403-7","article-title":"Effects of age, BMI and sex on the glial cell marker TSPO - A multicentre [11C]PBR28 HRRT PET study","volume":"46","author":"Tuisku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.1.1","article-title":"Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes","volume":"133","author":"Ballenger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000113780.41701.81","article-title":"Consequences of multiple withdrawals from alcohol","volume":"28","author":"Duka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x","article-title":"Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: The revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar)","volume":"84","author":"Sullivan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.91.3.199","article-title":"Alcohol dependence syndrome: Measurement and validation","volume":"91","author":"Skinner","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib37","series-title":"Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Methods","first-page":"41","article-title":"Timeline follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib39","series-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp010","article-title":"Validity of the CogState brief battery: Relationship to standardized tests and sensitivity to cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and AIDS dementia complex","volume":"24","author":"Maruff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3043-4","article-title":"(11)C-PBR28 imaging in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: Test-retest reproducibility and focal visualization of active white matter areas","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib42","series-title":"Design of a motion-compensation OSEM list-mode algorithm for resolution-recovery reconstruction for the HRRT. 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium","first-page":"3281","volume":"5","author":"Carson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2267-6","article-title":"Neurocircuitry in alcoholism: A substrate of disruption and repair","volume":"180","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.05.003","article-title":"Alcohol and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Promiscuous drug, wanton effects","volume":"54","author":"Geil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600493","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for in vivo imaging of reversibly binding radioligands","volume":"27","author":"Innis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000085441.37552.CA","article-title":"Linearized reference tissue parametric imaging methods: Application to [11C]DASB positron emission tomography studies of the serotonin transporter in human brain","volume":"23","author":"Ichise","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.09.027","article-title":"Acute neuroimmune stimulation impairs verbal memory in adults: A PET brain imaging study","volume":"91","author":"Woodcock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac215","article-title":"Lower dopamine D2\/3 receptor availability is associated with worse verbal learning and memory in people who smoke cigarettes","volume":"25","author":"Zakiniaeiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20688","article-title":"GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor availability in smokers and nonsmokers: Relationship to subsyndromal anxiety and depression","volume":"63","author":"Esterlis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.012","article-title":"Striatal and forebrain nuclei volumes: Contribution to motor function and working memory deficits in alcoholism","volume":"57","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.018","article-title":"Decreased volume of the brain reward system in alcoholism","volume":"64","author":"Makris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7100139","article-title":"Investigation of sex differences in the microglial response to binge ethanol and exercise","volume":"7","author":"Barton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1482-3","article-title":"Sex differences in hippocampal damage, cognitive impairment, and trophic factor expression in an animal model of an alcohol use disorder","volume":"223","author":"Maynard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040367","article-title":"Women and autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Fairweather","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3280","article-title":"Pro-cognitive properties of T cells","volume":"12","author":"Kipnis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000054","article-title":"Effector memory CD4(+) T cells are associated with cognitive performance in a senior population","volume":"2","author":"Serre-Miranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v37.1.10","article-title":"Neuroplasticity and predictors of alcohol recovery","volume":"37","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.030","article-title":"Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"155","author":"Parkhurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119","article-title":"Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: Neuroimaging findings and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584","article-title":"Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective","volume":"8","author":"Bechara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2022.2095439","article-title":"Cytokine level in patients with mood disorder, alcohol use disorder and their comorbidity","volume":"24","author":"Mednova","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00842.x","article-title":"A recent perspective on alcohol, immunity, and host defense","volume":"33","author":"Szabo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.002","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder and circulating cytokines: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12468","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511003112","article-title":"Imaging robust microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide administration in humans with PET","volume":"112","author":"Sandiego","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427","article-title":"Role of translocator protein density, a marker of neuroinflammation, in the brain during major depressive episodes","volume":"72","author":"Setiawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib66","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5\u2122","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1487-12.2012","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes overexpress TSPO and are detected by TSPO positron emission tomography imaging","volume":"32","author":"Lavisse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.055","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation activates microglia: [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography in nonhuman primates","volume":"63","author":"Hannestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.01006.x","article-title":"Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain","volume":"35","author":"Cosenza-Nashat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990208","article-title":"Acute and chronic stress-induced disturbances of microglial plasticity, phenotype and function","volume":"14","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15930-5","article-title":"PTSD is associated with neuroimmune suppression: Evidence from PET imaging and postmortem transcriptomic studies","volume":"11","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322325011965?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322325011965?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:11:20Z","timestamp":1778299880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322325011965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322325011965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Greater Neuroimmune System Deficit in Women Than Men With Alcohol Use Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}