{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:37:45Z","timestamp":1786113465556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3DA054789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3DA054789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3DA047714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3DA047714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA052893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA052893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T14:59:20Z","timestamp":1779980360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Substance Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J.","family":"Mahoney III","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy G.Y.","family":"Thompson-Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4915-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nassima","family":"Ait-Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy J.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5633-8719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greatness","family":"Olaitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Finomore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-0514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasneem","family":"Arsiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rezai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib2","unstructured":"Ahmad FB, Cisewski JA, Rossen LM, Sutton P (2025): Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed November 25, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib4","series-title":"Millenium health signals report volume 6\u2014The rise of stimulants and the evolution of polysubstance use in America\u2019s fentanyl crisis","author":"Brandon","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33078-2","article-title":"Management of opioid use disorder in the USA: Present status and future directions","volume":"393","author":"Blanco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib7","series-title":"Addiction relapse prevention. StatPearls","author":"Guenzel","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117149","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and other forms of neuromodulation for substance use disorders: Review of modalities and implications for treatment","volume":"418","author":"Mahoney","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.013649","article-title":"Modulating neural circuits with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Implications for addiction treatment development","volume":"70","author":"Hanlon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib11","series-title":"Non-invasive and Invasive Forms of Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology","author":"Mahoney","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.013","article-title":"Neuromodulation for substance addiction in human subjects: A review","volume":"95","author":"Bari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib13","article-title":"Neuromodulation interventions for addictive disorders: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research","volume":"140","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.046","article-title":"The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction","volume":"162","author":"Volkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-025-00664-5","article-title":"Neuromodulation as a therapeutic approach for opioid use disorder: Mechanisms, efficacy, and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Thurn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2021.100365","article-title":"Dissociable roles of the nucleus accumbens core and shell subregions in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"15","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib17","series-title":"Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of reward: A view from the ventral striatum","author":"Haber","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10194","article-title":"Excitatory transmission from the amygdala to nucleus accumbens facilitates reward seeking","volume":"475","author":"Stuber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04811-4","article-title":"Stress deficits in reward behaviour are associated with and replicated by dysregulated amygdala-nucleus accumbens pathway function in mice","volume":"6","author":"Madur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1119-3","article-title":"Revealing the ventral amygdalofugal pathway of the human limbic system using high spatial resolution diffusion tensor tractography","volume":"221","author":"Kamali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab500","article-title":"A taxonomy of the brain\u2019s white matter: Twenty-one major tracts for the 21st century","volume":"32","author":"Bullock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2018","article-title":"The neuroscience of drug reward and addiction","volume":"99","author":"Volkow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2011.21624","article-title":"Functional connectivity and coactivation of the nucleus accumbens: A combined functional connectivity and structure-based meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Cauda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511480","article-title":"Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction","volume":"374","author":"Volkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9797","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2200-08.2008","article-title":"Critical role of the prefrontal cortex in the regulation of hippocampus-accumbens information flow","volume":"28","author":"Belujon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119","article-title":"Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: Neuroimaging findings and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3492-14.2014","article-title":"Dopamine invigorates reward seeking by promoting cue-evoked excitation in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"34","author":"du Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.254","article-title":"Anatomic review of the ventral capsule\/ventral striatum and the nucleus accumbens to guide target selection for deep brain stimulation for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"126","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10340","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0895-11.2011","article-title":"Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex drives mesolimbic dopaminergic regions to initiate motivated behavior","volume":"31","author":"Ballard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: Rewarding, aversive, and alerting","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00117","article-title":"Forging neuroimaging targets for recovery in opioid use disorder","volume":"10","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2181","article-title":"Incubation of cue-induced craving in adults addicted to cocaine measured by electroencephalography","volume":"73","author":"Parvaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230601036960","article-title":"Imaging stress- and cue-induced drug and alcohol craving: Association with relapse and clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Sinha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01246-8","article-title":"An fMRI marker of drug and food craving","volume":"26","author":"Kronberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01855-2","article-title":"The role of the human hippocampus in decision-making under uncertainty","volume":"8","author":"Attaallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05896.x","article-title":"Hippocampus, amygdala, and stress: Interacting systems that affect susceptibility to addiction","volume":"1216","author":"Belujon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1359396","article-title":"Non-invasive suppression of the human nucleus accumbens (NAc) with transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) modulates the reward network: A pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.271239","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens as a novel target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of addiction: A hypothesis on the neurochemical and morphological basis","volume":"67","author":"Vannemreddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00366","article-title":"Neurosurgical neuromodulation therapy for psychiatric disorders","volume":"21","author":"Ranjan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719893584","article-title":"Barriers to brain stimulation therapies for treatment-resistant depression: Beyond cost effectiveness","volume":"65","author":"Goldbloom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19070720","article-title":"Stanford accelerated intelligent neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"177","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11082320","article-title":"Optimizing TMS coil placement approaches for targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depressed adolescents: An electric field modeling study","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00224-0","article-title":"Deep rTMS of the insula and prefrontal cortex in smokers with schizophrenia: Proof-of-concept study","volume":"8","author":"Moeller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1079138","article-title":"Moderators of the response to deep TMS for smoking addiction","volume":"13","author":"Gersner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818816017","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: An overview of history, methods, and future developments","volume":"2","author":"Pycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib47","first-page":"187","article-title":"A review on brain stimulation using low intensity focused ultrasound","volume":"7","author":"Rezayat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086939","article-title":"Increased anatomical specificity of neuromodulation via modulated focused ultrasound","volume":"9","author":"Mehi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1275","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006279","article-title":"Focused ultrasound thalamotomy in Parkinson disease: Nonmotor outcomes and quality of life","volume":"91","author":"Sperling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-5736-1-3","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound technique in functional neurosurgery: Targeting accuracy","volume":"1","author":"Moser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ther Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.08.015","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound capsulotomy for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"97","author":"Hamani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00691-3","article-title":"Focused ultrasound for neuromodulation","volume":"16","author":"Darrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.825802","article-title":"Low intensity focused ultrasound for non-invasive and reversible deep brain neuromodulation\u2014A paradigm shift in psychiatric research","volume":"13","author":"Arulpragasam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.880814","article-title":"Clinical intervention using focused ultrasound (FUS) stimulation of the brain in diverse neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Baek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65080-9","article-title":"Non-invasive ultrasonic neuromodulation of the human nucleus accumbens impacts reward sensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Yaakub","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.749162","article-title":"Transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation: A review of the excitatory and inhibitory effects on brain activity in human and animals","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.07.008","article-title":"A comprehensive review of low-intensity focused ultrasound parameters and applications in neurologic and psychiatric disorders","volume":"28","author":"Cox","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2019.1631942","article-title":"The effects of focused ultrasound pulsation of nucleus accumbens in opioid-dependent rats","volume":"29","author":"Deveci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329748","article-title":"Transcranial focused ultrasound to nucleus accumbens reverses fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference in rats","volume":"20","author":"Yoo","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-019-1616-6","article-title":"Noninvasive ultrasound deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens induces behavioral avoidance","volume":"63","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03130-9","article-title":"The effects of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of nucleus accumbens on neuronal gene expression and brain tissue in high alcohol-preferring rats","volume":"60","author":"Deveci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00328","article-title":"Focused ultrasound stimulation of infralimbic cortex attenuates reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70001","article-title":"Focused ultrasound modulates dopamine in a mesolimbic reward circuit","volume":"169","author":"Olaitan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib64","article-title":"Frequency-dependent modulation of the prefrontal cortex by low-intensity focused ultrasound: Impact on mesolimbic dopamine signaling","author":"Olaitan","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib65","series-title":"Precision neuromodulation using low-intensity focused ultrasound: Relapse prevention in a rodent model with fentanyl","author":"Paget-Brown","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib66","article-title":"Ultrasound combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-loaded microbubbles for the targeted treatment of drug addiction","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.06.014","article-title":"Focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles attenuate symptoms in heroin-addicted mice","volume":"50","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05750-2","article-title":"A buprenorphine-validated rat model of opioid use disorder optimized to study sex differences in vulnerability to relapse","volume":"238","author":"Bakhti-Suroosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173255","article-title":"The importance of examining sex differences in animal models validated to induce an addiction-like phenotype","volume":"209","author":"Towers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.019","article-title":"Manipulation of subcortical and deep cortical activity in the primate brain using transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation","volume":"101","author":"Folloni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40541","article-title":"Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates","volume":"8","author":"Verhagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.014","article-title":"Long term study of motivational and cognitive effects of low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation in the dorsal striatum of nonhuman primates","volume":"15","author":"Munoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaa15c","article-title":"Potential impact of thermal effects during ultrasonic neurostimulation: Retrospective numerical estimation of temperature elevation in seven rodent setups","volume":"63","author":"Constans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.015","article-title":"Reversible neuroinhibition by focused ultrasound is mediated by a thermal mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Darrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.031","article-title":"Polydrug use disorders in individuals with opioid use disorder","volume":"198","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1211566","article-title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeting the nucleus accumbens as a potential treatment for substance use disorder: Safety and feasibility clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.01.001","article-title":"Focused ultrasound neuromodulation: Exploring a novel treatment for severe opioid use disorder","volume":"98","author":"Rezai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.1028369","article-title":"Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier","volume":"15","author":"Burgess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.13","article-title":"Ultrasound treatment of neurological diseases\u2014Current and emerging applications","volume":"12","author":"Leinenga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib80","article-title":"A case report of focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the bilateral nucleus accumbens for methamphetamine use disorder","author":"Mahoney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.06.031","article-title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeting the bilateral nucleus accumbens as a potential treatment for substance use disorder: A first-in-human report","volume":"94","author":"Mahoney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.10.012","article-title":"Brain injury during focused ultrasound neuromodulation for substance use disorder","volume":"18","author":"Rezai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.103014","article-title":"Further clarification regarding brain injury during focused ultrasound neuromodulation for substance use disorder","volume":"19","author":"Rezai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.102994","article-title":"Open letter on intervention regimes and adverse events in focused ultrasound for neuromodulation","volume":"19","author":"Klein-Flugge","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.10.007","article-title":"ITRUSST consensus on biophysical safety for transcranial ultrasound stimulation","volume":"18","author":"Aubry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.013","article-title":"ITRUSST consensus on standardised reporting for transcranial ultrasound stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib87","article-title":"Dose-escalation study of amygdalar transcranial focused ultrasound in healthy volunteers","author":"Spivak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03033-w","article-title":"Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound amygdala neuromodulation: A double-blind sham-controlled target engagement study and unblinded single-arm clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Barksdale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.04.018","article-title":"Deep transcranial ultrasound stimulation using personalized acoustic metamaterials improves treatment-resistant depression in humans","volume":"18","author":"Attali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322326012898?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322326012898?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T19:30:39Z","timestamp":1785958239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322326012898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0006322326012898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Substance Use Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}