{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:04:29Z","timestamp":1794049469479,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1064704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1064704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015756","name":"Cilag","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:00:34Z","timestamp":1784934034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differential Effects of Illness and Antipsychotics on Cortical Thinning in First-Episode Psychosis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Sidhant","family":"Chopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlea","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi-Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona M.","family":"Francey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"O\u2019Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Cropley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnaby","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hok Pan","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Allott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Alvarez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susy","family":"Harrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avram J.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Pantelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McGorry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Fornito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12619","article-title":"Forty years of structural imaging in psychosis: Promises and truth","volume":"134","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.88","article-title":"Changes in cortical thickness during the course of illness in schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"van Haren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.017","article-title":"Progressive brain change in schizophrenia: A prospective longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Andreasen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.116","article-title":"Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies","volume":"2","author":"Vita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.08.018","article-title":"Effect of chronic antipsychotic exposure on astrocyte and oligodendrocyte numbers in macaque monkeys","volume":"63","author":"Konopaske","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301233","article-title":"Effect of chronic exposure to antipsychotic medication on cell numbers in the parietal cortex of macaque monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Konopaske","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300710","article-title":"The influence of chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications on brain size before and after tissue fixation: A comparison of haloperidol and olanzapine in macaque monkeys","volume":"30","author":"Dorph-Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.11.010","article-title":"Effect of chronic antipsychotic treatment on brain structure: A serial magnetic resonance imaging study with ex vivo and postmortem confirmation","volume":"69","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101689","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in total brain volume in schizophrenia: Relation to symptom severity, cognition and antipsychotic medication","volume":"9","author":"Veijola","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199","article-title":"Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: A longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0036","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotic medication on brain structure in patients with major depressive disorder and psychotic features: Neuroimaging findings in the context of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Voineskos","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.001","article-title":"Progressive brain changes in schizophrenia related to antipsychotic treatment? A meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies","volume":"37","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2574","article-title":"Long-term antipsychotic use and brain changes in schizophrenia\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Huhtaniska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs118","article-title":"Brain volumes in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis in over 18 000 subjects","volume":"39","author":"Haijma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.04.009","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of the second generation antipsychotics","volume":"208","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.4.361","article-title":"Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis","volume":"62","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125318781475","article-title":"The acute efficacy of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: A review of recent meta-analyses","volume":"8","author":"Haddad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00078-X","article-title":"Standard versus reduced dose of antipsychotics for relapse prevention in multi-episode schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"H\u00f8jlund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20994","article-title":"Mortality in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors","volume":"21","author":"Correll","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.19","article-title":"Recovery in remitted first-episode psychosis at 7 years of follow-up of an early dose reduction\/discontinuation or maintenance treatment strategy: Long-term follow-up of a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"Wunderink","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgaa015","article-title":"Psychosocial intervention with or without antipsychotic medication for first-episode psychosis: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"Francey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-00980-0","article-title":"Differentiating the effect of antipsychotic medication and illness on brain volume reductions in first-episode psychosis: A Longitudinal, Randomised, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled MRI Study","volume":"46","author":"Chopra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.053","article-title":"A comparison of voxel and surface based cortical thickness estimation methods","volume":"57","author":"Clarkson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp026","article-title":"Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness","volume":"19","author":"Panizzon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028","article-title":"Cortical thickness or grey matter volume? The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies","volume":"53","author":"Winkler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6690","article-title":"The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"367","author":"Grasby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23154","article-title":"Brain development during adolescence: A mixed-longitudinal investigation of cortical thickness, surface area, and volume","volume":"37","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y","article-title":"Brain charts for the human lifespan","volume":"604","author":"Bethlehem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.045","article-title":"Cortical evolution: Judge the brain by its cover","volume":"80","author":"Geschwind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12716","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1422","article-title":"Functional connectivity in antipsychotic-treated and antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis and low risk of self-harm or aggression: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Chopra","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.07.016","article-title":"Brainwide anatomical connectivity and prediction of longitudinal outcomes in antipsychotic-na\u00efve first-episode psychosis","volume":"97","author":"Chopra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.049","article-title":"Spatiotemporal linear mixed effects modeling for the mass-univariate analysis of longitudinal neuroimage data","volume":"81","author":"Bernal-Rusiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.065","article-title":"Statistical analysis of longitudinal neuroimage data with Linear Mixed Effects models","volume":"66","author":"Bernal-Rusiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/93.3.491","article-title":"Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate","volume":"93","author":"Benjamini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib41","article-title":"Not another post hoc paper: A new look at contrast analysis and planned comparisons","volume":"8","author":"Granziol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib42","first-page":"523","article-title":"The advantages of using planned comparisons over post hoc tests","volume":"114","author":"Kuehne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arn020","article-title":"Time for some a priori thinking about post hoc testing","volume":"19","author":"Ruxton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib44","series-title":"Planned versus unplanned and orthogonal versus nonorthogonal contrasts: The neo-classical perspective. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the","author":"Thompson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","article-title":"The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"106","author":"Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx179","article-title":"Local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from intrinsic functional connectivity MRI","volume":"28","author":"Schaefer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib47","series-title":"Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des Erwachsenen Menschen","author":"von Economo","year":"1925"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.069","article-title":"An MRI von Economo\u2014Koskinas atlas","volume":"170","author":"Scholtens","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118052","article-title":"Comparing spatial null models for brain maps","volume":"236","author":"Markello","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01625-w","article-title":"Neuromaps: Structural and functional interpretation of brain maps","volume":"19","author":"Markello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01812-2","article-title":"The cell-type underpinnings of the human functional cortical connectome","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.070","article-title":"On testing for spatial correspondence between maps of human brain structure and function","volume":"178","author":"Alexander-Bloch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0799","article-title":"Cortical thickness abnormalities at different stages of the illness course in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00502-9","article-title":"Meta-analysis of brain weight in schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Harrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.07.034","article-title":"Progression of neuroanatomical abnormalities after first-episode of psychosis: A 3-year longitudinal sMRI study","volume":"130","author":"Akudjedu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01870-7","article-title":"Accelerated cortical thinning precedes and predicts conversion to psychosis: The NAPLS3 longitudinal study of youth at clinical high-risk","volume":"28","author":"Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq113","article-title":"Progressive structural brain changes during development of psychosis","volume":"38","author":"Ziermans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.34","article-title":"Brain surface contraction mapped in first-episode schizophrenia: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.023","article-title":"Progressive reduction in cortical thickness as psychosis develops: A multisite longitudinal neuroimaging study of youth at elevated clinical risk","volume":"77","author":"Cannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.11.026","article-title":"Progressive brain structural changes mapped as psychosis develops in \u2018at risk\u2019 individuals","volume":"108","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111625","article-title":"Cortical thickness, cognition, and clinical profile in antipsychotic-na\u00efve individuals with psychosis","volume":"145","author":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.84","article-title":"Glutamatergic metabolites, volume and cortical thickness in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis: Implications for excitotoxicity","volume":"41","author":"Plitman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.009","article-title":"Decreased cortical thickness in drug na\u00efve first episode schizophrenia: In relation to serum levels of BDNF","volume":"60","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171000200X","article-title":"Global and regional cortical thinning in first-episode psychosis patients: Relationships with clinical and cognitive features","volume":"41","author":"Crespo-Facorro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000994","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral reorganization in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A MRI-derived cortical thickness study","volume":"46","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000058","article-title":"Ameliorative patterns of grey matter in patients with first-episode and treatment-na\u00efve schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301563","article-title":"Neuroplasticity of neocortical circuits in schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2178","article-title":"A multimodal analysis of antipsychotic effects on brain structure and function in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Lesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.160219","article-title":"Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: A multimodal meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E325","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.230120","article-title":"Clusters of psychosis: Compensation as a contributor to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Palaniyappan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae107","article-title":"A 10-year longitudinal study of brain cortical thickness in people with first-episode psychosis using normative models","volume":"51","author":"Berthet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04492-9","article-title":"Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals","volume":"603","author":"Marek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.339","article-title":"Evidence for non-progressive changes in adolescent-onset schizophrenia: Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"180","author":"James","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.01.041","article-title":"Progressive post-onset reorganisation of MRI-derived cortical thickness in adolescents with schizophrenia","volume":"208","author":"Palaniyappan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171500210X","article-title":"No progressive brain changes during a 1-year follow-up of patients with first-episode psychosis","volume":"46","author":"Haukvik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710002163","article-title":"Lack of progression of brain abnormalities in first-episode psychosis: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"41","author":"Schaufelberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/psyrad\/kkab015","article-title":"Cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with first episode psychosis: A meta-analysis of psychoradiologic studies and replication in an independent sample","volume":"1","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20451253231195258","article-title":"Antipsychotics and structural brain changes: Could treatment adherence explain the discrepant findings?","volume":"13","author":"Emsley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003809","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment effects and structural MRI brain changes in schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Emsley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.029","article-title":"Long acting injection versus oral risperidone in first-episode schizophrenia: Differential impact on white matter myelination trajectory","volume":"132","author":"Bartzokis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.03.023","article-title":"Effect of treatment with paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics on frontal lobe intracortical myelin volume in participants with recent-onset schizophrenia: Magnetic resonance imaging results from the DREaM study","volume":"255","author":"Tishler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115364","article-title":"Cortical thickness, gray-white matter contrast, and intracortical myelin in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics","volume":"326","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.008","article-title":"The effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical gray matter changes in schizophrenia: Does the class matter? A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"78","author":"Vita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001652","article-title":"Divergent effects of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics on cortical thickness in first-episode psychosis","volume":"45","author":"Ansell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.08.046","article-title":"Quetiapine mitigates the neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte loss in the brain of C57BL\/6 mouse following cuprizone exposure for one week","volume":"765","author":"Shao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106078","article-title":"Present and future antipsychotic drugs: A systematic review of the putative mechanisms of action for efficacy and a critical appraisal under a translational perspective","volume":"176","author":"de Bartolomeis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.012","article-title":"Reduced cortical volume and elevated astrocyte density in rats chronically treated with antipsychotic drugs-linking magnetic resonance imaging findings to cellular pathology","volume":"75","author":"Vernon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac041","article-title":"Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ceraso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.035","article-title":"Cortical layers: Cyto-, myelo-, receptor- and synaptic architecture in human cortical areas","volume":"197","author":"Palomero-Gallagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3469","article-title":"Disruption of cortical association networks in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder","volume":"71","author":"Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.09.031","article-title":"Spatial patterning of tissue volume loss in schizophrenia reflects brain network architecture","volume":"87","author":"Shafiei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02442-7","article-title":"Connectome architecture shapes large-scale cortical alterations in schizophrenia: A worldwide ENIGMA study","volume":"29","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03717-x","article-title":"Widespread synaptic density loss in schizophrenia follows molecular and network architecture [published online Jun 25].","author":"Chopra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy123","article-title":"Spatial topography of individual-specific cortical networks predicts human cognition, personality, and emotion","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231177287","article-title":"The histamine system and cognitive function: An in vivo H3 receptor PET imaging study in healthy volunteers and patients with schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Arumuham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.017","article-title":"Serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in subjects with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"L\u00f3pez-Figueroa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01430-7","article-title":"Opposite alterations of 5-HT2A receptor brain density in subjects with schizophrenia: Relevance of radiotracers pharmacological profile","volume":"11","author":"Diez-Alarcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.06.027","article-title":"Associations between cognitive function and levels of glutamatergic metabolites and gamma-aminobutyric acid in antipsychotic-na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia or psychosis","volume":"89","author":"Bojesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.08.008","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of GABA, glutamate, and glutamine across the insula during antipsychotic treatment of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"248","author":"Sonnenschein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.09.028","article-title":"Prefrontal and striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and the effect of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis patients","volume":"83","author":"de la Fuente-Sandoval","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.4.366","article-title":"Clinical implications of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores","volume":"187","author":"Leucht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2467","article-title":"Mapping theheterogeneous phenotype of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using normative models","volume":"75","author":"Wolfers","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01404-6","article-title":"Regional, circuit and network heterogeneity of brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders","volume":"26","author":"Segal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00696-5","article-title":"The normative modeling framework for computational psychiatry","volume":"17","author":"Rutherford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00030","article-title":"The multi-modal Australian ScienceS Imaging and Visualization Environment (MASSIVE) high performance computing infrastructure: applications in neuroscience and neuroinformatics research","volume":"8","author":"Goscinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322326013880?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322326013880?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:18:42Z","timestamp":1789154322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322326013880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0006322326013880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differential Effects of Illness and Antipsychotics on Cortical Thinning in First-Episode Psychosis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.06.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}