{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:23:57Z","timestamp":1792596237958,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101057385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014370","name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFARI award #240059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFARI award #240059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-23-IAHU-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-IAHU-0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-23-CE16-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CE16-0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"CNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021716","name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:14:37Z","timestamp":1791587677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The genetic orchestra of autism and its intersections with epilepsy, intellectual disability, and ADHD"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4404-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9lin","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7753-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Madeleine","family":"De Sainte Agathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Cliquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0698-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Caitlin","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9115-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli","family":"Barthome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathis","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9f","family":"Bonnot-Briey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1878-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Grimaldi de Puget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Wolke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders D.","family":"B\u00f8rglum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Delorme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire S.","family":"Leblond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bourgeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Internet]. Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association; 2013 [cited 2026 May 16]. Available from: https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/book\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596 doi:10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696","article-title":"Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update","volume":"15","author":"Zeidan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib3","article-title":"Autism in England: assessing underdiagnosis in a population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Nions","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1","article-title":"Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years \u2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022","volume":"74","author":"Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013","article-title":"What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Loomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13949","article-title":"Age effects on autism heritability and etiological stability of autistic traits","volume":"65","author":"Martini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Psychology Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3992","article-title":"From the genetic architecture to synaptic plasticity in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"16","author":"Bourgeron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00899-8","article-title":"Recent ultra-rare inherited variants implicate new autism candidate risk genes","volume":"53","author":"Wilfert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2021.103623","article-title":"Operative list of genes associated with autism and neurodevelopmental disorders based on database review","volume":"113","author":"Leblond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leblond CS, Rolland T, Barthome E, Mougin Z, Fleury M, Ecker C, et al. A Genetic Bridge Between Medicine and Neurodiversity for Autism. 2024.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-111523-102614"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01104-0","article-title":"Rare coding variation provides insight into the genetic architecture and phenotypic context of autism","volume":"54","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.036","article-title":"Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism","volume":"180","author":"Satterstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2203491119","article-title":"Integrated gene analyses of de novo variants from 46,612 trios with autism and developmental disorders","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(26)00045-3","article-title":"Familial confounding and causal inference in child and adolescent neurodevelopment and mental health","author":"Mataix-Cols","year":"2026","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4144","article-title":"The familial risk of autism","volume":"311","author":"Sandin","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02408-2","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of genetic variants associated with autism","volume":"29","author":"Rolland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108582","article-title":"Exploring the association between early-life air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Amnuaylojaroen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19742-w","article-title":"Environmental pollutants as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"24","author":"Duque-Cartagena","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1036","article-title":"Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Gardener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13313","article-title":"Month of birth and mental disorders: A population-based study and validation using global meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-024-02112-9","article-title":"Preconception and gestational versus postnatal exposure to air pollutants and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Mamun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossignol DA, Genuis SJ, Frye RE. Environmental toxicants and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;4(2):e360\u2013e360. doi:10.1038\/tp.2014.4","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.4"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05063-z","article-title":"Maternal Exposure to Pesticides and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: A Meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137459","article-title":"Maternal exposure to pesticides and autism or attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorders in offspring: A meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122577","article-title":"Perinatal air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder severity: The intertwined roles of green space, grey space and healthcare accessibility \u2013 A cohort study","volume":"285","author":"Simoncic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116856","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder and air pollution: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"278","author":"Dutheil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.70","article-title":"Autism risk associated with parental age and with increasing difference in age between the parents","volume":"21","author":"Sandin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05364-8","article-title":"Association between interpregnancy interval and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-032300","article-title":"Preterm or Early Term Birth and Risk of Autism","volume":"148","author":"Crump","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101216","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in individuals born very preterm \/ very low-birth weight: An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70110","article-title":"Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Descendants of Women With Gestational Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Bravo\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.10.005","article-title":"Preterm birth and weight-for-gestational age for risks of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"122","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa212","article-title":"Association of maternal diabetes with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-023-00380-8","article-title":"Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.10.053","article-title":"Infants Born Late\/Moderately Preterm Are at Increased Risk for a Positive Autism Screen at 2 Years of Age","volume":"166","author":"Guy","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1259-0","article-title":"Association between parental body mass index and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003207","article-title":"Gestational age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in Sweden, Finland, and Norway: A cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Persson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006696","article-title":"Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: A meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2025.100535","article-title":"Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Individuals Born Preterm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00036-1","article-title":"Association between maternal diabetes and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 202 observational studies comprising 56\u00b71 million pregnancies","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276469","article-title":"Effects of parental overweight and obesity on offspring\u2019s mental health: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2717-5","article-title":"Impaired Gas Exchange at Birth and Risk of Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Modabbernia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1440145","article-title":"Exposure to anti-seizure medication during pregnancy and the risk of autism and ADHD in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00161-2","article-title":"Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Mediates Offspring Health via DNA Methylation","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000228131.56956.c1","article-title":"The 22q11.2 Deletion in Children","volume":"45","author":"Vorstman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.01.025","article-title":"Screening for Genomic Rearrangements and Methylation Abnormalities of the 15q11-q13 Region in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"66","author":"Depienne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa075974","article-title":"Association between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism","volume":"358","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0528-2","article-title":"PanelApp crowdsources expert knowledge to establish consensus diagnostic gene panels","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.005439","article-title":"SFARI Gene: an evolving database for the autism research community","volume":"3","author":"Banerjee-Basu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disease Models & Mechanisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.11.024","article-title":"Systematic Phenomics Analysis Deconvolutes Genes Mutated in Intellectual Disability into Biologically Coherent Modules","volume":"98","author":"Kochinke","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01285-8","article-title":"Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains","volume":"55","author":"Demontis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8098","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09702-8","article-title":"Rare genetic variants confer a high risk of ADHD and implicate neuronal biology","volume":"649","author":"Demontis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D980","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1113","article-title":"ClinVar: public archive of relationships among sequence variation and human phenotype","volume":"42","author":"Landrum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2024.101202","article-title":"Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism","volume":"26","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genetics in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.002","article-title":"SynGO: an evidence-based, expert-curated knowledgebase for the synapse","volume":"103","author":"Koopmans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0231-2","article-title":"A framework for an evidence-based gene list relevant to autism spectrum disorder","volume":"21","author":"Schaaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211","article-title":"LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8096","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09820-3","article-title":"Mapping the genetic landscape across 14 psychiatric disorders","volume":"649","author":"Grotzinger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003348","article-title":"Power and Predictive Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores. Wray NR","volume":"9","author":"Dudbridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleury M, Mougin ZM, Leblond CS, Cliquet F, Mathieu A, Oakley BF, et al. LEAP-InovAND a multiscale resource to explore genetics, brain imaging and clinical data in autism [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Apr 1]. Available from: http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.11.24.25340858 doi:10.1101\/2025.11.24.25340858","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.24.25340858"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10310-0","article-title":"Bivariate causal mixture model quantifies polygenic overlap between complex traits beyond genetic correlation","volume":"10","author":"Frei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219","article-title":"MAGMA: Generalized Gene-Set Analysis of GWAS Data","volume":"11","author":"De Leeuw","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright SN, Yang J, Ideker T. Common and rare genetic variants show network convergence for a majority of human traits [Internet]. medRxiv; 2025 [cited 2026 Mar 12]. p. 2025.06.27.25330419. Available from: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2025.06.27.25330419v1 doi:10.1101\/2025.06.27.25330419","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.27.25330419"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.031","article-title":"Integrative Functional Genomic Analyses Implicate Specific Molecular Pathways and Circuits in Autism","volume":"155","author":"Parikshak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6667","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf0834","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of prenatal and postnatal human cortical development","volume":"382","author":"Velmeshev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6698","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh2602","article-title":"Molecular cascades and cell type\u2013specific signatures in ASD revealed by single-cell genomics","volume":"384","author":"Wamsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7896","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04358-6","article-title":"Autism genes converge on asynchronous development of shared neuron classes","volume":"602","author":"Paulsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8106","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-10047-5","article-title":"Developmental convergence and divergence in human stem cell models of autism","volume":"651","author":"Gordon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105053","article-title":"Twenty years of discoveries emerging from mouse models of autism","volume":"146","author":"Crawley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-04052-w","article-title":"Zinc is a key regulator of gastrointestinal development, microbiota composition and inflammation with relevance for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"79","author":"Sauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"issue":"8126","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10679-1","article-title":"Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models","volume":"656","author":"Schwarz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30326-8","article-title":"Heterogeneity in prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism","volume":"6","author":"Havdahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01072-5","article-title":"Genetic correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism","volume":"54","author":"Warrier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01064-5","article-title":"A phenotypic spectrum of autism is attributable to the combined effects of rare variants, polygenic risk and sex","volume":"54","author":"Antaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16101115","article-title":"Identification of Developmental and Behavioral Markers Associated with Genetic Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"174","author":"Bishop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715427115","article-title":"Damaging de novo mutations diminish motor skills in children on the autism spectrum","volume":"115","author":"Buja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3863","article-title":"Polygenic transmission disequilibrium confirms that common and rare variation act additively to create risk for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"49","author":"Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34112-z","article-title":"Genome-wide rare variant score associates with morphological subtypes of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8042","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08217-y","article-title":"Examining the role of common variants in rare neurodevelopmental conditions","volume":"636","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0039","article-title":"Measuring and Estimating the Effect Sizes of Copy Number Variants on General Intelligence in Community-Based Samples","volume":"75","author":"Huguet","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00985-z","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of gene dosage in 24,092 individuals estimates that 10,000 genes modulate cognitive ability","volume":"26","author":"Huguet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","article-title":"Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"51","author":"Grove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8087","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09542-6","article-title":"Polygenic and developmental profiles of autism differ by age at diagnosis","volume":"646","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.198","article-title":"ASD and schizophrenia show distinct developmental profiles in common genetic overlap with population-based social communication difficulties","volume":"23","author":"St Pourcain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-02927-z","article-title":"Polygenic scores for autism are associated with reduced neurite density in adults and children from the general population","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01710-0","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of rare variants in monogenic developmental disorder loci","volume":"56","author":"Kingdom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1103-1","article-title":"Using common genetic variation to examine phenotypic expression and risk prediction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0321-0","article-title":"Big data approaches to decomposing heterogeneity across the autism spectrum","volume":"24","author":"Lombardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellegood J, Beauchamp A, Yee Y, Devenyi G, Ziolkowski J, Qiu L, et al. Assigning Targetable Molecular Pathways to Transdiagnostic Subgroups Across Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 May 25]. Available from: http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.03.04.641443 doi:10.1101\/2025.03.04.641443","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.04.641443"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02224-z","article-title":"Decomposition of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism reveals underlying genetic programs","volume":"57","author":"Litman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0950","article-title":"Clinical Genetic Testing in Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Large Community-Based Population Sample","volume":"77","author":"Moreno-De-Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-026-07265-9","article-title":"Genetic Testing History in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder","author":"Mierau","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.13212","article-title":"Parents\u2019 views of benefits and limitations of receiving genetic diagnoses for their offspring","volume":"50","author":"Klitzman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-025-00854-8","article-title":"Does genetic testing impact stigma in autism: A scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Molloy","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04611-y","article-title":"Precision diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"98","author":"Assadourian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.4","article-title":"Autism genetics: opportunities and challenges for clinical translation","volume":"18","author":"Vorstman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613261458410","article-title":"A Survey-Based Study Investigating Opinions on Genetic Research Among Swedish Autistic Individuals and Parents of Autistic Children","volume":"30","author":"Fajutrao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.06.024","article-title":"Systematic Review: The Psychosocial Impacts of Autism-Related Genetic Testing","volume":"65","author":"Wills","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.07.010","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of genome sequencing for the diagnostic assessment of autism spectrum disorder and fetal structural anomalies","volume":"110","author":"Lowther","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1110080","article-title":"Interactions of genetic risks for autism and the broad autism phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib101","article-title":"Sex Differences in the role of Additive Genetic Variants in Autism","author":"Sollie","year":"2025","journal-title":"A Systematic Review [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2022.100134","article-title":"The female protective effect against autism spectrum disorder","volume":"2","author":"Wigdor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Genomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.05.018","article-title":"How Different Are Girls and Boys Above and Below the Diagnostic Threshold for Autism Spectrum Disorders?","volume":"51","author":"Dworzynski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib104","first-page":"34","article-title":"Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis? Girls and women on the autism spectrum","volume":"12","author":"Gould","year":"2011","journal-title":"Good Autism Practice (GAP)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Yahia A, Sandin S, \u00c5den U, Tammimies K. Prematurity and Genetic Liability for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 23]. Available from: http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.11.20.24317613 doi:10.1101\/2024.11.20.24317613","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.20.24317613"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-025-01560-3","article-title":"Investigating the interplay between prematurity and genetic variation in the context of rare developmental disorders","volume":"17","author":"Wootton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209046","article-title":"Genomic Diagnosis of Rare Pediatric Disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"388","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirnigliaro M, Lowe JK, Flynn-Carroll AO, Kumagai ME, Gibson DS, Williams JB, et al. Common and rare variant genetic contributions in African Americans with autism [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 May 13]. Available from: http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.11.18.25340532 doi:10.1101\/2025.11.18.25340532","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.18.25340532"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01385-6","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing analysis identifies sex differences of familial pattern contributing to phenotypic diversity in autism","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04228-6","article-title":"Deleterious coding variation associated with autism is shared across ancestries","volume":"32","author":"Natividad Avila","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.11.017","article-title":"Phenotypic and Genetic Associations Between Preschool Fine Motor Skills and Later Neurodevelopment, Psychopathology, and Educational Achievement","volume":"95","author":"Bowler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-018-9231-3","article-title":"Development of fine motor skills is associated with expressive language outcomes in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurodevelop Disord"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000996","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental Trajectory During Infancy and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder as an Outcome at 32 Months of Age","volume":"30","author":"Nishimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02145-1","article-title":"Genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at onset of walking in over 70,000 infants of European ancestry","volume":"9","author":"Gui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2024-301283","article-title":"Conceptual framework for data harmonisation in mental health using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: an example with the R2D2-MH consortium","volume":"27","author":"Black","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0138-4","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder","volume":"6","author":"Lord","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.70","article-title":"Autism risk associated with parental age and with increasing difference in age between the parents","volume":"21","author":"Sandin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1259-0","article-title":"Association between parental body mass index and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006696","article-title":"Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: A meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-025-01948-0","article-title":"Updated penetrance estimates for recurrent copy number variants \u2013 an improved definition and formula","volume":"34","author":"Goh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3146","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidity of autism and ADHD and associated characteristics in school population: EPINED study","volume":"17","author":"Canals","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2894","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co\u2010occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A population\u2010based study","volume":"16","author":"Casseus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1377","article-title":"Anxiety and Mood Disorder in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD","volume":"141","author":"Gordon-Lipkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02374-w","article-title":"Comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder and their etiologies","volume":"13","author":"Khachadourian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01857.x","article-title":"Evidence for overlapping genetic influences on autistic and ADHD behaviours in a community twin sample","volume":"49","author":"Ronald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Psychology Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0115-1","article-title":"Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders in adults with childhood onset AD\/HD and\/or autism spectrum disorders","volume":"111","author":"Stahlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1741","article-title":"The influence of sex and age on prevalence rates of comorbid conditions in autism","volume":"10","author":"Supekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.037","article-title":"The co-occurrence of epilepsy and autism: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Lukmanji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09060796","article-title":"The Age at Onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"167","author":"Kieling","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJP"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03547-x","article-title":"Time of onset and\/or diagnosis of ADHD in European children: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Rocco","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.071","article-title":"The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"339","author":"Ayano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0070-0","article-title":"Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"24","author":"Faraone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717713638","article-title":"The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With ADHD","volume":"24","author":"Zablotsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.02.043","article-title":"Intellectual Disability in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"163","author":"Ahuja","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53402","article-title":"Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder in Medicaid-Enrolled Autistic Adults","volume":"8","author":"Yerys","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11794-z","article-title":"Comorbidity of epilepsy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"270","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-126.6.439","article-title":"An Overview of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Diagnosis, Classification, and Systems of Supports","author":"Schalock","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000701","article-title":"Significant regional inequalities in the prevalence of intellectual disability and trends from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of GBD 2019","volume":"31","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.55","article-title":"The heritability of general cognitive ability increases linearly from childhood to young adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Haworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2014.01.008","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on general cognitive ability: Is g a valid latent construct?","volume":"43","author":"Panizzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.02.015","article-title":"Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders: Causal genes and molecular mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420924101","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.04.002","article-title":"Epilepsy in adults with intellectual disabilities: Prevalence, associations and service implications","volume":"15","author":"McGrother","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.03.016","article-title":"Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Robertson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198261","article-title":"Under representation of people with epilepsy and intellectual disability in research. Ginsberg SD","volume":"13","author":"Shankar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00302-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"10","author":"Feigin","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1998)15:1<33::AID-GEPI3>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Univariate genetic analyses of epilepsy and seizures in a population-based twin study: The Virginia twin registry","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb05886.x","article-title":"Genetic factors in epileptic seizures: evidence from a large twin population","volume":"84","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13598","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"60","author":"Strasser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Develop Med Child Neuro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12939","article-title":"Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000632232601588X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000632232601588X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:14:09Z","timestamp":1791659649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000632232601588X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":150,"alternative-id":["S000632232601588X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The genetic orchestra of autism and its intersections with epilepsy, intellectual disability, and ADHD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2026.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}