{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:52:07Z","timestamp":1791334327488,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T23:25:17Z","timestamp":1787095517000},"page":"109366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pet-induced stress buffering depends on touch: Evidence from brain and cardiac measures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annett","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2844203","article-title":"Faster independent component analysis by preconditioning with hessian approximations","volume":"66","author":"Ablin","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000316","article-title":"American clinical neurophysiology society guideline 2: Guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature","volume":"33","author":"Acharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.11.001","article-title":"The Trier Social Stress Test: Principles and practice","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Stress, SI:Stressors in Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.38.4.815","article-title":"Pet ownership, but not ACE inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress","volume":"38","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2016.1152721","article-title":"Pets and happiness: Examining the association between pet ownership and wellbeing","volume":"29","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2752\/175303711X13159027359746","article-title":"The effect of a real dog, toy dog and friendly person on insecurely attached children during a stressful task: An exploratory study","volume":"24","author":"Beetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2021.1944558","article-title":"The importance of client\u2013canine contact in canine-assisted interventions: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Binfet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1177\/02654075221090678","article-title":"On guard: Public versus private affection-sharing experiences in same-sex, gender-diverse, and mixed-sex relationships","volume":"39","author":"Blair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s42761-023-00189-y","article-title":"Examining the Role of Emotion Differentiation on Emotion and Cardiovascular Physiological Activity During Acute Stress","volume":"4","author":"Bonar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Affective Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.12.010","article-title":"Acute psychosocial stress: Does the emotional stress response correspond with physiological responses?","volume":"37","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325325","article-title":"Neuromechanisms and subjective experiences during human-dog interactions: Assessing motivation and mental state in a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Carbone","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.02.012","article-title":"Acute mental stress assessment via short term HRV analysis in healthy adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Castaldo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06676-9","article-title":"Psychophysiological stress influences temporal accuracy","volume":"241","author":"Cellini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib15","first-page":"407","article-title":"Stroking and Leaning: The Give and Take of Social Touch Between Humans and Their Pets","volume":"38","author":"Cham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01832.x","article-title":"Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat","volume":"17","author":"Coan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib17","first-page":"300","article-title":"Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress","volume":"38","author":"Cobb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-021-01303-7","article-title":"\u201cFurry tales\u201d: Pet ownership\u2019s influence on subjective well-being during Covid-19 times","volume":"56","author":"Damberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167213497592","article-title":"Touch as an Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Process in Couples\u2019 Daily Lives: The Mediating Role of Psychological Intimacy","volume":"39","author":"Debrot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.11.002","article-title":"Tune to touch: Affective touch enhances learning of face identity in 4-month-old infants","volume":"35","author":"Della Longa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Touch: A New Vista for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience?"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.12.075","article-title":"EEG Beta band frequency domain evaluation for assessing stress and anxiety in resting, eyes closed, basal conditions","volume":"162","author":"D\u00edaz M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.03.011","article-title":"Effects of different kinds of couple interaction on cortisol and heart rate responses to stress in women","volume":"32","author":"Ditzen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2021.100091","article-title":"Self-soothing touch and being hugged reduce cortisol responses to stress: A randomized controlled trial on stress, physical touch, and social identity","volume":"8","author":"Dreisoerner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(92)90073-B","article-title":"The effect of social support and physical touch on cardiovascular reactions to mental stress","volume":"36","author":"Edens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15211","article-title":"Separating EEG correlates of stress: Cognitive effort, time pressure, and social-evaluative threat","volume":"55","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.01.001","article-title":"A Better Touch: C-tactile Fibers Related Activity is Associated to Pain Reduction During Temporal Summation of Second Pain","volume":"22","author":"Fidanza","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070707","article-title":"The Buffer Effect of Therapy Dog Exposure on Stress Reactivity in Undergraduate Students","volume":"14","author":"Fiocco","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105971","article-title":"Emotional memory in the lab: Using the Trier Social Stress Test to induce a sensory-rich and personally meaningful episodic experience","volume":"148","author":"Freund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib31","first-page":"307","article-title":"Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit","volume":"95","author":"Friedmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2752\/089279314X14072268687763","article-title":"Heart Rate Variability During a Working Memory Task: Does Touching a Dog or Person Affect the Response?","volume":"27","author":"Gee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2015.1070747","article-title":"The Social Buffering of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis in Humans: Developmental and Experiential Determinants","volume":"10","author":"Gunnar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.014","article-title":"Stroking modulates noxious-evoked brain activity in human infants","volume":"28","author":"Gursul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Biology: CB"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2752\/175303711X13045914865385","article-title":"Short-term interaction between dogs and their owners: Effects on oxytocin, cortisol, insulin and heart rate\u2013An exploratory study","volume":"24","author":"Handlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib36","series-title":"How animals affect us: Examining the influences of human\u2013animal interaction on child development and human health","first-page":"153","article-title":"Health correlates of pet ownership from national surveys","author":"Headey","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1879713","article-title":"Effectiveness of animal-assisted interventions for children and adults with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hediger","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00465-7","article-title":"Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress","volume":"54","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.05.012","article-title":"The physiological response to Trier Social Stress Test relates to subjective measures of stress during but not before or after the test","volume":"37","author":"Hellhammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12430-8","article-title":"Brain activation and heart rate variability as markers of autonomic function under stress","volume":"15","author":"Huber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib41","unstructured":"Human World for Animals. (2025). Pets by the numbers. https:\/\/humanepro.org\/page\/pets-by-the-numbers."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.10.013","article-title":"The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies","volume":"97","author":"Kamarajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.06.001","article-title":"On the benefits of using surface Laplacian (Current Source Density) methodology in electrophysiology","volume":"97","author":"Kayser","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17","article-title":"Stress and Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investigation"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib45","first-page":"76","article-title":"The \u2019Trier Social Stress Test\u2019\u2014A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting","volume":"28","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01587-5","article-title":"Violating the normality assumption may be the lesser of two evils","volume":"53","author":"Knief","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005554","article-title":"Dog Ownership and Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920951503","article-title":"Simulation-Based Power Analysis for Factorial Analysis of Variance Designs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01010","article-title":"Presence of a dog reduces subjective but not physiological stress responses to an analog trauma","volume":"5","author":"Lass-Hennemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6592","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn2479","article-title":"Molecular and neural basis of pleasant touch sensation in mice","volume":"376","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.017","article-title":"EEG and MEG: Relevance to Neuroscience","volume":"80","author":"Lopes da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120869","article-title":"Relationship between central autonomic effective connectivity and heart rate variability: A Resting-state fMRI dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"300","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13893","article-title":"Alpha frontal asymmetry underlies individual differences in reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in males","volume":"58","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1196199","article-title":"Pet\u2019s influence on humans\u2019 daily physical activity and mental health: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024506","article-title":"Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership","volume":"101","author":"McConnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80309-9","article-title":"The effects of emotions on short-term power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability","volume":"76","author":"McCraty","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib57","first-page":"650","article-title":"Vagal Rebound and Recovery From Psychological Stress","volume":"63","author":"Mezzacappa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287706","article-title":"Robust coupling between the C-tactile afferent and the hair follicle in humans","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1892084","article-title":"Null effects of therapy dog interaction on adolescent anxiety during a laboratory-based social evaluative stressor","volume":"34","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, and Coping"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2021.1963254","article-title":"Demographic and contextual factors as moderators of the relationship between pet ownership and health","volume":"9","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809344358","article-title":"Aspects of health, physical\/leisure activities, work and socio-demographics associated with pet ownership in Sweden","volume":"38","author":"M\u00fcllersdorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"6232","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261022","article-title":"Social evolution. Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human-dog bonds","volume":"348","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y. )"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132116","article-title":"Effects of Interactions with Cats in Domestic Environment on the Psychological and Physiological State of Their Owners: Associations among Cortisol, Oxytocin, Heart Rate Variability, and Emotions","volume":"13","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01906","article-title":"Interacting With a Visiting Dog Increases Fingertip Temperature in Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes","volume":"11","author":"Nilsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00237-X","article-title":"Neurophysiological Correlates of Affiliative Behaviour between Humans and Dogs","volume":"165","author":"Odendaal","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/nn896","article-title":"Unmyelinated tactile afferents signal touch and project to insular cortex","volume":"5","author":"Olausson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015383","article-title":"Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with tonic positive emotionality","volume":"9","author":"Oveis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib68","first-page":"35","article-title":"Social Support and Resilience to Stress","volume":"4","author":"Ozbay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064759","article-title":"The Impact of Campus-Based Therapy Dogs on the Mood and Affect of University Students","volume":"20","author":"Peel","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061909","article-title":"Randomized Trial Examining Effects of Animal Assisted Intervention and Stress Related Symptoms on College Students\u2019 Learning and Study Skills","volume":"17","author":"Pendry","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2332858419852592","article-title":"Animal visitation program (AVP) reduces cortisol levels of university students: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Pendry","year":"2019","journal-title":"AERA Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib72","unstructured":"People\u2019s Dispensary for Sick Animals. (2023). The PAW Report 2023\u2014PDSA. https:\/\/www.pdsa.org.uk\/what-we-do\/pdsa-animal-wellbeing-report\/paw-report-2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib73","unstructured":"Perakakis, P. (2019). HEPLAB: A Matlab graphical interface for the preprocessing of the heartbeat-evoked potential [Computer software]. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.2649943."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.04.001","article-title":"Waking qEEG to assess psychophysiological stress and alertness during simulated on-call conditions","volume":"141","author":"Perrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-013-9546-1","article-title":"The presence of a dog attenuates cortisol and heart rate in the Trier Social Stress Test compared to human friends","volume":"37","author":"Polheber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7770-5","article-title":"Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: A community-based three-arm controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14604","article-title":"Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology\u2014Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement","volume":"61","author":"Quigley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib78","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2024.108806","article-title":"How to account for respiration in respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Publication standards for heart rate variability studies in Biological Psychology","volume":"190","author":"Ritz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06807-2","article-title":"Dynamics in physiological acute stress response trajectories: Uncovering latent variability","volume":"25","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib81","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determinants for positive and negative experiences of interpersonal touch: Context matters","author":"Sailer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2021.101099","article-title":"Meaning makes touch affective","volume":"44","author":"Sailer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13434","article-title":"Robustness of linear mixed-effects models to violations of distributional assumptions","volume":"11","author":"Schielzeth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672221105966","article-title":"What makes touch comfortable? An examination of touch giving and receiving in two cultures","volume":"49","author":"Schirmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000966","article-title":"More than one kind: Different sensory signatures and functions divide affectionate touch","volume":"21","author":"Schirmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emotion (Washington, D C )"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2025.2520053","article-title":"Feeling \u201cpawsitively\u201d good: Human\u2013pet touch predicts subjective wellbeing","volume":"38","author":"Schirmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81241","article-title":"Affectionate touch and diurnal oxytocin levels: An ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"12","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040","article-title":"A healthy heart is not a metronome: An integrative review of the heart\u2019s anatomy and heart rate variability","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2928394","article-title":"The Family Pet","author":"Shell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Representations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04955-2","article-title":"Canine-assisted therapy in reducing stress and anxiety levels of university students: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Sim","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib91","unstructured":"Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., Ben-Shachar, M.S., H\u00f8jsgaard, S., Fox, J., Lawrence, M.A., Mertens, U., Love, J., Lenth, R., & Christensen, R.H.B. (2025). afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments (Version 1.5-0) [Computer software]. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/afex\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib92","article-title":"Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals","volume":"843","author":"Snyder-Mackler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2752\/089279397787001012","article-title":"The Influence of a Dog on Male Students During a Stressor","volume":"10","author":"Straatman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6States"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib94","first-page":"299","article-title":"Posterior EEG alpha at rest and during task performance: Comparison of current source density and field potential measures","volume":"97","author":"Tenke","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology, On the Benefits of Using Surface Laplacian (Current Source Density) Methodology in Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2024.112412","article-title":"Brain and heart activity during interactions with pet dogs: A portable electroencephalogram and heart rate variability study","volume":"204","author":"Teo","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2019.1648794","article-title":"Associations between heart rate, perceived heart rate, and anxiety during acute psychological stress","volume":"32","author":"Trotman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, & Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib97","unstructured":"TVG. (2012). https:\/\/ris.bka.gv.at\/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Anlage=&Artikel=&Gesetzesnummer=20008142&Paragraf=0&Uebergangsrecht=."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259557","article-title":"The association between self-reported stress and cardiovascular measures in daily life: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Vaessen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.6.2753","article-title":"Unmyelinated Afferents Constitute a Second System Coding Tactile Stimuli of the Human Hairy Skin","volume":"81","author":"Vallbo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106004","article-title":"Current recommendations on the selection of measures for well-being","volume":"133","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100452","article-title":"The neural correlates of psychosocial stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of spectral analysis EEG studies","volume":"18","author":"Vanhollebeke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35808-y","article-title":"Effects of acute psychosocial stress on source level EEG power and functional connectivity measures","volume":"13","author":"Vanhollebeke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844843","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of human-pet dog interactions","volume":"11","author":"Vormbrock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14951","article-title":"C-low threshold mechanoafferent targeted dynamic touch modulates stress resilience in rats exposed to chronic mild stress","volume":"55","author":"Walker","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00587.2020","article-title":"Evidence for sparse C-tactile afferent innervation of glabrous human hand skin","volume":"125","author":"Watkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(01)00113-2","article-title":"Social anxiety and response to touch: Incongruence between self-evaluative and physiological reactions","volume":"58","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.09.001","article-title":"Heart Rate Variability Today","volume":"55","author":"Xhyheri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Ethical Issues in Cardiovascular Disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14101013","article-title":"EEG Evidence of Acute Stress Enhancing Inhibition Control by Increasing Attention","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298384","article-title":"Psychophysiological and emotional effects of human\u2013Dog interactions by activity type: An electroencephalogram study","volume":"19","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301051126001791?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301051126001791?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:13:30Z","timestamp":1791332010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301051126001791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":109,"alternative-id":["S0301051126001791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0511","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pet-induced stress buffering depends on touch: Evidence from brain and cardiac measures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2026.109366","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109366"}}