{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:02:36Z","timestamp":1773385356134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T12:00:53Z","timestamp":1383566453000},"page":"212-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison between a fixed bed hybrid membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment: A pilot-scale study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Esteban-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0005","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA, AWWA, WEF","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.12.007","article-title":"Fouling characteristics of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation","volume":"130","author":"Chon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2010.06.046","article-title":"Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors \u2013 characterisation, contradictions, cause and cures","volume":"363","author":"Drews","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.10113","article-title":"Potential and drawbacks of microbiology\u2013membrane interaction in membrane bioreactors","volume":"24","author":"Drews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Prog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.05.062","article-title":"Roles of polyurethane foam in aerobic moving and fixed bed bioreactors","volume":"101","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2009.01.030","article-title":"Roles of sponge sizes and membrane types in a single stage sponge-submerged membrane bioreactor for improving nutrient removal from wastewater for reuse","volume":"249","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2012.661283","article-title":"The biofilm membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) \u2013 a review","volume":"37","author":"Ivanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.09.100","article-title":"Performance of suspended and attached growth MBR systems in treating high strength synthetic wastewater","volume":"102","author":"Jamal Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.01.033","article-title":"Influence of biofilm carriers on membrane fouling propensity in moving biofilm membrane bioreactor","volume":"113","author":"Jamal Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0133","article-title":"Methods for understanding organic fouling in MBRs","volume":"49","author":"Jefferson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2006.08.019","article-title":"Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment","volume":"284","author":"Le-Clech","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00524-8","article-title":"Comparison of the filtration characteristics between attached and suspended growth microorganisms in submerged membrane bioreactor","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0065","series-title":"Chemical Reaction Engineering","author":"Levenspiel","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2013.04.023","article-title":"Comparative kinetic study between moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor and membrane bioreactor systems and their influence on organic matter and nutrients removal","volume":"77","author":"Leyva-D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.03.013","article-title":"Biomass characteristics of two types of submerged membrane bioreactors for nitrogen removal from wastewater","volume":"44","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.05.025","article-title":"Sludge properties and their effects on membrane fouling in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAnMBRs)","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.03.024","article-title":"Performance of a hybrid membrane bioreactor in municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"258","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2012.08.013","article-title":"The role of EPS concentration on membrane fouling control: comparison analysis of hybrid membrane bioreactor and conventional membrane bioreactor","volume":"305","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.12.044","article-title":"Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): membrane fouling and membrane material","volume":"43","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2006.727","article-title":"Simple approaches towards the design of an attached-growth sponge bioreactor (AGSB) for wastewater treatment and reuse","volume":"54","author":"Ngo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.03.125","article-title":"Pilot scale study on a new membrane bioreactor hybrid system in municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"141","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.950","article-title":"Evaluation of a hybrid vertical membrane bioreactor (HVMBR) for wastewater treatment","volume":"65","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2012.747948","article-title":"Hybrid membrane bioreactor application for decentralized treatment and reuse","volume":"51","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.11.042","article-title":"Impact of methanogenic pre-treatment on the performance of an aerobic MBR system","volume":"47","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2008.11.047","article-title":"A comparative study of tertiary membrane filtration of industrial wastewater treated in a granular and a flocculent sludge SBR","volume":"250","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2008.755","article-title":"New process for alleviation of membrane fouling of modified hybrid MBR system for advanced domestic wastewater treatment","volume":"58","author":"Shuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2175\/106143008X268452","article-title":"Oxygen transfer in a full-depth biological aerated filter","volume":"80","author":"Stenstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0140","unstructured":"Tejero, I., Cuevas, G., 2005. Sistema mixto para la depuraci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica de aguas residuales combinando biopel\u00edculas y membranas de filtraci\u00f3n (Mixed system for biological treatment of wastewater by combining biofilms and membrane filtration). Patent ES 2213461B2, Spain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0145","unstructured":"Tejero, I., Santamar\u00eda, C., 2000. Proceso de tratamiento biol\u00f3gico de aguas basado en biopel\u00edcula sobre soporte de dise\u00f1o espec\u00edfico (Process of water biological treatment based on biofilm on specific design support). Patent ES 2128962B1, Spain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0150","unstructured":"UNE EN 12255\u201315, 2003. Wastewater treatment plants-Part 15: measurement of the oxygen transfer in clean water in aeration tanks of activated sludge plants."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0155","unstructured":"UNE EN 14701\u20132, 2006. Characterization of sludges \u2013 filtration properties \u2013 Part 2: determination of the specific resistance to filtration."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2012.2448","article-title":"Influence of activated sludge characteristics on membrane fouling in a hybrid membrane bioreactor","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.08.031","article-title":"Accumulation of biopolymer clusters in a submerged membrane bioreactor and its effect on membrane fouling","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.07.009","article-title":"Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on membrane fouling","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.11.022","article-title":"Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on organic carbon and nitrogen removal","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852413016684?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852413016684?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T03:31:40Z","timestamp":1760758300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852413016684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0960852413016684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison between a fixed bed hybrid membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment: A pilot-scale study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.081","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}