{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:48:27Z","timestamp":1786985307480,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002888","name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T12:05:54Z","timestamp":1625832354000},"page":"125525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An effective strategy for in situ start-up of mainstream anammox process treating domestic sewage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"339","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.06.094","article-title":"Anammox-based technologies for nitrogen removal: Advances in process start-up and remaining issues","volume":"141","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0010","series-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"APHA","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-8058-7","article-title":"Mainstream partial nitritation\u2013anammox in municipal wastewater treatment: status, bottlenecks, and further studies","volume":"101","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.08.031","article-title":"Development of a simultaneous partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in a single reactor","volume":"102","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1021\/es404992g","article-title":"Response of Different Nitrospira Species To Anoxic Periods Depends on Operational DO","volume":"48","author":"Gilbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.05.022","article-title":"Comparing different reactor configurations for Partial Nitritation\/Anammox at low temperatures","volume":"81","author":"Gilbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2017.03.009","article-title":"Unraveling microbial structure and diversity of activated sludge in a full-scale simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal plant using metagenomic sequencing","volume":"102","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enzyme and Microbial Technology"},{"issue":"5979","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185941","article-title":"Sewage Treatment with Anammox","volume":"328","author":"Kartal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7245","DOI":"10.1021\/es100564j","article-title":"Partial Nitrification\/Denitrification Can Be Attributed to the Slow Response of Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria to Periodic Anoxic Disturbances","volume":"44","author":"Kornaros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00276","article-title":"Critical Analysis of Biomass Retention Strategies in Mainstream and Sidestream ANAMMOX-Mediated Nitrogen Removal Systems","volume":"55","author":"Kosgey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouba, V., Widiayuningrum, P., Chovancova, L., Jenicek, P., Bartacek, J., 2016. Applicability of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox in MBBR for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43 (7), 965-975.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-016-1766-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.02.032","article-title":"Full-scale partial nitritation\/anammox experiences \u2013 An application survey","volume":"55","author":"Lackner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.05.005","article-title":"Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox: long-term process stability and effluent quality at low temperatures","volume":"101","author":"Laureni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.04.026","article-title":"Activity and growth of anammox biomass on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater","volume":"80","author":"Laureni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.070","article-title":"Quantify the contribution of anammox for enhanced nitrogen removal through metagenomic analysis and mass balance in an anoxic moving bed biofilm reactor","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.08.104","article-title":"Energy self-sufficient biological municipal wastewater reclamation: Present status, challenges and solutions forward","volume":"269","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.06.001","article-title":"Faster through training: The anammox case","volume":"81","author":"Lotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.10.074","article-title":"Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox: Recent advances","volume":"200","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.08.123","article-title":"Mainstream wastewater treatment in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor by partial nitritation\/anammox process","volume":"198","author":"Malovanyy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05832","article-title":"What is the Best Biological Process for Nitrogen Removal: When and Why?","volume":"52","author":"McCarty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.10.072","article-title":"Partial nitrification-anammox (PNA) treating sewage with intermittent aeration mode: Effect of influent C\/N ratios","volume":"334","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.01.045","article-title":"Enhancing ammonium oxidizing bacteria activity was key to single-stage partial nitrification-anammox system treating low-strength sewage under intermittent aeration condition","volume":"231","author":"Miao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9126-y","article-title":"Abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria in a mainstream municipal wastewater treatment plant","volume":"102","author":"Nejidat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.01.011","article-title":"Discovery and metagenomic analysis of an anammox bacterial enrichment related to Candidatus \u201cBrocadia caroliniensis\u201d in a full-scale glycerol-fed nitritation-denitritation separate centrate treatment process","volume":"111","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.07.022","article-title":"Impact of inocula and growth mode on the molecular microbial ecology of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bioreactor communities","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.02.017","article-title":"Pilot-scale ELAN \u00ae process applied to treat primary settled urban wastewater at low temperature via partial nitritation-anammox processes","volume":"200","author":"Pedrouso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Separation and Purification Technology"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28031","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06015-y","article-title":"Achieving stable and efficient single-stage deammonification using plug flow reactor","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.058","article-title":"Stable long-term operation of an upflow anammox sludge bed reactor at mainstream conditions","volume":"128","author":"Reino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-017-1374-3","article-title":"Inoculum-free start-up of biofilm- and sludge-based deammonification systems in pilot scale","volume":"15","author":"Rikmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10635","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b01670","article-title":"Comprehensive Review of Control and Operational Strategies for Partial Nitration\/ANAMMOX System","volume":"58","author":"Saxena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123711","article-title":"Mainstream partial nitritation\/anammox with integrated fixed-film activated sludge: Combined aeration and floc retention time control strategies limit nitrate production","volume":"314","author":"Seuntjens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.03.044","article-title":"Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation: Experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam","volume":"41","author":"van der Star","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21891","article-title":"The membrane bioreactor: A novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells","volume":"101","author":"van der Star","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.07.005","article-title":"Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants with low-strength ammonium loading: Widespread but overlooked","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.09.005","article-title":"Effect of influent ammonium concentration on the shift of full nitritation to partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature","volume":"235","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.052","article-title":"Efficient simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) system equipped with a real-time dissolved oxygen (DO) intelligent control system and microbial community shifts of different substrate concentrations","volume":"119","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6423-6","article-title":"The challenges of mainstream deammonification process for municipal used water treatment","volume":"99","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.03.032","article-title":"Start-up of a full-scale SNAD-MBBR process for treating sludge digester liquor","volume":"343","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.05.041","article-title":"Achieve efficient nitrogen removal from real sewage in a plug-flow integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor via partial nitritation\/anammox pathway","volume":"239","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeshi, C., Hong, K.B., Van Loosdrecht, M.C., Daigger, G.T., Yi, P.H., Wah, Y.L., Chye, C.S., Ghani, Y.A., 2016. Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox in a 200,000 m3\/day activated sludge process in Singapore: scale-down by using laboratory fed-batch reactor. Water Sci. Technol. 74 (1), 48-56.","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.116"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-020-09907-w","article-title":"ANAMMOX-denitrification biomass in microbial fuel cell to enhance the electricity generation and nitrogen removal efficiency","volume":"31","author":"Zekker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biodegradation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zekker, I., Raudkivi, M., Artemchuk, O., Rikmann, E., Priks, H., Jaagura, M., Tenno, T., 2020b. Mainstream-sidestream wastewater switching promotes anammox nitrogen removal rate in organic-rich, low-temperature streams. Environ. Technol. 10.1080\/09593330.2020.1721566.","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2020.1721566"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122459","article-title":"Mechanism of stable sewage nitrogen removal in a partial nitrification-anammox biofilm system at low temperatures: Microbial community and EPS analysis","volume":"297","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121665","article-title":"Enhancing sewage nitrogen removal via anammox and endogenous denitrification: Significance of anaerobic\/oxic\/anoxic operation mode","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.06.129","article-title":"Rapid start-up of partial nitritation and simultaneously phosphorus removal (PNSPR) granular sludge reactor treating low-strength domestic sewage","volume":"243","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2016.03.019","article-title":"Enhancement of denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community of long-term operation in an anaerobic anoxic oxic\u2013biological contact oxidation system","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.01.057","article-title":"A novel single-stage process integrating simultaneous COD oxidation, partial nitritation-denitritation and anammox (SCONDA) for treating ammonia-rich organic wastewater","volume":"254","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852421008658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852421008658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T04:23:43Z","timestamp":1760761423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852421008658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0960852421008658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An effective strategy for in situ start-up of mainstream anammox process treating domestic sewage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125525","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125525"}}