{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:21:11Z","timestamp":1791300071972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52221004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52221004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:57:53Z","timestamp":1751975873000},"page":"132949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biohybrid technologies for CO2 conversion to fuels and chemicals: Advances in bio-electro-, bio-photoelectro-, and bio-photocatalysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"435","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuhui","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128040","article-title":"Prospects and trends in bioelectrochemical systems: transitioning from CO2 towards a low-carbon circular bioeconomy","volume":"364","author":"Annie Modestra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2016.04.003","article-title":"State of the art and perspectives in catalytic processes for CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: the distinctive contribution of chemical catalysis and biotechnology","volume":"343","author":"Aresta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201600690","article-title":"Microbial electrochemical systems with future perspectives using advanced nanomaterials and microfluidics","volume":"6","author":"Baca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.09.090","article-title":"Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods\u2013a mini-review","volume":"177","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160-022-00196-0","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical CO2-to-fuel conversion with simultaneous plastic reforming","volume":"2","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Synth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00581","article-title":"Enzymatic conversion of CO2: from natural to artificial utilization","volume":"123","author":"Bierbaumer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE03088A","article-title":"Importance of the hydrogen route in up-scaling electrosynthesis for microbial CO2 reduction","volume":"8","author":"Blanchet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00428","article-title":"Introduction: catalysis beyond the first coordination sphere","volume":"122","author":"Bullock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.118611","article-title":"Acetate production from inorganic carbon (HCO3-) in photo-assisted biocathode microbial electrosynthesis systems using WO3\/MoO3\/g-C3N4 heterojunctions and Serratia marcescens species","volume":"267","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. b: Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5041","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b02319","article-title":"Electroenzymatic C\u2013C bond formation from CO2","volume":"140","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122364119","article-title":"Photosynthetic biohybrid coculture for tandem and tunable CO2 and N2 fixation","volume":"119","author":"Cestellos-Blanco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.120689","article-title":"Overall water splitting on surface-polarized Sn3O4 through weakening the trap of Sn(II) to holes","volume":"299","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. b: Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11164","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18284","article-title":"Multienergy codriven electron transfer across the Nano-bio Interface for efficient photobiocatalysis","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b00226","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted microbial electrosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) via CO2 bioreduction by engineered Ralstonia eutropha","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b12828","article-title":"Integration of enzymes and photosensitizers in a hierarchical mesoporous metal\u2013organic framework for light-driven CO2 reduction","volume":"142","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12903","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00472","article-title":"Fundamentals, applications, and future directions of bioelectrocatalysis","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.10.018","article-title":"Semi-artificial photoelectrochemical synthesis","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-020-0481-9","article-title":"Coupling N2 and CO2 in H2O to synthesize urea under ambient conditions","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H446","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0531809jes","article-title":"Communication\u2014CO2 Reduction to formate: an electro-enzymatic approach using a formate dehydrogenase from rhodobacter capsulatus","volume":"165","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3506","article-title":"What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes?","volume":"364","author":"De Luna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107675","article-title":"Microbial electrosynthesis: Towards sustainable biorefineries for production of green chemicals from CO2 emissions","volume":"46","author":"Dess\u00ec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10272","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b02549","article-title":"Nanorg microbial factories: light-driven renewable biochemical synthesis using quantum dot-bacteria nanobiohybrids","volume":"141","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00380","article-title":"Artificial photosynthesis at efficiencies greatly exceeding that of natural photosynthesis","volume":"52","author":"Dogutan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c00201","article-title":"Dehydrogenase-functionalized interfaced materials in electroenzymatic and photoelectroenzymatic CO2 reduction","volume":"10","author":"Dutta","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26303","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202110867","article-title":"A semi-artificial photoelectrochemical tandem leaf with a CO2-to-formate efficiency approaching 1 %","volume":"60","author":"Edwardes Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.130530","article-title":"Bioelectricity and CO2-to-butyrate production using photobioelectrochemical cells with bio-hydrogel","volume":"398","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4926","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00496C","article-title":"Semi-biological approaches to solar-to-chemical conversion","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b00687","article-title":"Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes","volume":"7","author":"Feaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CC15393E","article-title":"Molecular approaches to the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide","volume":"48","author":"Finn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.08.051","article-title":"Hybrid solar-to-methane conversion system with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 96%","volume":"53","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7224","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202001047","article-title":"Solar-powered organic semiconductor-bacteria biohybrids for CO2 reduction into acetic acid","volume":"59","author":"Gai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42591-x","article-title":"Artificial photosynthetic cells with biotic\u2013abiotic hybrid energy modules for customized CO2 conversion","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202370105","article-title":"Recent advances in electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2+ products","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00002","article-title":"The molybdenum active site of formate dehydrogenase is capable of catalyzing C\u2013H bond cleavage and oxygen atom transfer reactions","volume":"55","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.03.002","article-title":"Characterization and manipulation of the photosystem II-semiconductor interfacial molecular interactions in solar-to-chemical energy conversion","volume":"70","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-021-00606-0","article-title":"Light-driven CO2 sequestration in Escherichia coli to achieve theoretical yield of chemicals","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.10.058","article-title":"Chemico-biological conversion of carbon dioxide","volume":"89","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126786","article-title":"Efficient conversion of bicarbonate (HCO3\u2212) to acetate and simultaneous heavy metal Cr(VI) removal in photo-assisted microbial electrosynthesis systems combining WO3\/MoO3\/g-C3N4 heterojunctions and Serratia marcescens electrotroph","volume":"406","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.07.005","article-title":"Harnessing microbes to pioneer environmental biophotoelectrochemistry","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1192187","article-title":"Role of microbial electrosynthesis system in CO2 capture and conversion: a recent advancement toward cathode development","volume":"14","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808829115","article-title":"Cytoprotective metal-organic frameworks for anaerobic bacteria","volume":"115","author":"Ji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020552118","article-title":"Acetogenic bacteria utilize light-driven electrons as an energy source for autotrophic growth","volume":"118","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcatb.2014.01.007","article-title":"Conversion of CO2 to formate in an electroenzymatic cell using Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2022.11.005","article-title":"Collaborative catalysis for solar biosynthesis","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01576","article-title":"Enhancing biohybrid CO2 to multicarbon reduction via adapted whole-cell catalysts","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11750","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610554113","article-title":"Spectroscopic elucidation of energy transfer in hybrid inorganic\u2013biological organisms for solar-to-chemical production","volume":"113","author":"Kornienko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0251-7","article-title":"Interfacing nature\u2019s catalytic machinery with synthetic materials for semi-artificial photosynthesis","volume":"13","author":"Kornienko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b00127","article-title":"NADH-free electroenzymatic reduction of CO2 by conductive hydrogel-conjugated formate dehydrogenase","volume":"9","author":"Kuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01256-18","article-title":"Energy conservation via hydrogen cycling in the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri","volume":"9","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0255","article-title":"Advanced strategies for enzyme\u2013electrode interfacing in bioelectrocatalytic systems","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121609","article-title":"Visible light-driven dual photoelectrode microbial electrosynthesis using BiVO4-RuO2-IrO2 on ti mesh photoanode and ZIF-67\/g-C3N4 on carbon felt photocathode for the efficient reduction of CO2 into acetate","volume":"348","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.05.058","article-title":"Recent advances in carbon nanostructures prepared from carbon dioxide for high-performance supercapacitors","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.04.066","article-title":"One-year operation of 1000-L modularized microbial fuel cell for municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"141","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.03.011","article-title":"Construction and optimization of a photo\u2212enzyme coupled system for sustainable CO2 conversion to methanol","volume":"129","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221438120","article-title":"Biohybrid CO2 electrolysis for the direct synthesis of polyesters from CO2","volume":"120","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EE02212C","article-title":"Many ways towards \u2018solar fuel\u2019: quantitative analysis of the most promising strategies and the main challenges during scale-up","volume":"11","author":"Lips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01254","article-title":"Nanowire\u2013bacteria hybrids for unassisted solar carbon dioxide fixation to value-added chemicals","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf5039","article-title":"Water splitting\u2013biosynthetic system with CO2 reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis","volume":"352","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2017.10.001","article-title":"Solar-powered CO2 reduction by a hybrid biological | inorganic system","volume":"358","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Photoch. Photobio. a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0305","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Bioinspiration toward efficient photosynthetic systems: from biohybrids to biomimetics","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0310","article-title":"A dual-enzyme microreactor based on encapsulation and covalent bond for enzymatic electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","volume":"475","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9962","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53946-3","article-title":"Bioelectrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction by an engineered formate dehydrogenase from thermoanaerobacter kivui","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46954-w","article-title":"Solar-driven sugar production directly from CO2 via a customizable electrocatalytic\u2013biocatalytic flow system","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.08.014","article-title":"Spontaneous solar syngas production from CO2 driven by energetically favorable wastewater microbial anodes","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123097","article-title":"Fabrication of ZnO\/CuO nanoforests and their applicability to microbial photoelectrochemical cells","volume":"339","author":"Matsuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. b: Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz6802","article-title":"Light-powered CO2 fixation in a chloroplast mimic with natural and synthetic parts","volume":"368","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126184","article-title":"Towards artificial photosynthesis: Sustainable hydrogen utilization for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high-value renewable fuels","volume":"402","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11461","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508075112","article-title":"Hybrid bioinorganic approach to solar-to-chemical conversion","volume":"112","author":"Nichols","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12192","DOI":"10.1021\/ja991899r","article-title":"Enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol: enhanced methanol production in silica sol\u2212gel matrices","volume":"121","author":"Obert","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13691","article-title":"Transmetabolism: the non-conformist approach to biotechnology","volume":"14","author":"Peret\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0360","article-title":"Current progress and future outlooks of microwave-irradiated biodiesel production: a holistic review","volume":"482","author":"Rhithuparna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0365","article-title":"Engineering of bespoke photosensitiser\u2013microbe interfaces for enhanced semi-artificial photosynthesis","author":"Robertson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0264-0","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion promotes the delivery of reducing equivalents for electricity-driven microbial CO2 reduction","volume":"2","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.03.055","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by a p-type boron-doped g-C3N4 electrode under visible light","volume":"192","author":"Sagara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. b: Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2020.03.008","article-title":"Material-microbe interfaces for solar-driven CO2 bioelectrosynthesis","volume":"38","author":"Sahoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2016.11.008","article-title":"Efficient bioelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction on gas-diffusion-type biocathode with tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase","volume":"73","author":"Sakai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3317","article-title":"Self-photosensitization of nonphotosynthetic bacteria for solar-to-chemical production","volume":"351","author":"Sakimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.3c00273","article-title":"Light-driven CO2 reduction with a surface-displayed enzyme cascade\u2013C3N4 hybrid","volume":"12","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-020-9815-1","article-title":"Electrochemical urea production directly from N2 and CO2 in ambient aqueous media","volume":"63","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0410","first-page":"350","article-title":"Enzymatic electrosynthesis of formate through CO2 sequestration\/reduction in a bioelectrochemical system (BES)","volume":"165","author":"Srikanth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol., Special Issue: CESE 2013 & Special Issue: ICABB 2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.02.058","article-title":"Electro-biocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to alcohols using gas diffusion electrode","volume":"265","author":"Srikanth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.03.001","article-title":"Close-packed nanowire-bacteria hybrids for efficient solar-driven CO2 fixation","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126579","article-title":"Overview of electroactive microorganisms and electron transfer mechanisms in microbial electrochemistry","volume":"347","author":"Thapa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.100784","article-title":"Nonmetallic abiotic-biological hybrid photocatalyst for visible water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction","volume":"23","author":"Tremblay","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8485","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b00739","article-title":"Microbial electrosynthesis of isobutyric, butyric, caproic acids, and corresponding alcohols from carbon dioxide","volume":"6","author":"Vassilev","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0440","article-title":"Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for imaging, cell activity regulation, and therapy","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS01008E","article-title":"Artificial photosynthesis systems for solar energy conversion and storage: platforms and their realities","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9296","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR02896J","article-title":"Enhanced CO2 reduction and valuable C2+ chemical production by a CdS-photosynthetic hybrid system","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-022-00817-z","article-title":"Bacteria\u2013photocatalyst sheet for sustainable carbon dioxide utilization","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.09.041","article-title":"Efficient gas phase VOC removal and electricity generation in an integrated bio-photo-electro-catalytic reactor with bio-anode and TiO2 photo-electro-catalytic air cathode","volume":"270","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202012066","article-title":"Formic acid electro-synthesis by concurrent cathodic CO2 reduction and anodic CH3OH oxidation","volume":"60","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.08.003","article-title":"Photo-bioelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction for a circular energy landscape","volume":"5","author":"Weliwatte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2019.03.015","article-title":"Engineering an electroactive Escherichia coli for the microbial electrosynthesis of succinate by increasing the intracellular FAD pool","volume":"146","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304920","article-title":"Revealing co-N4@Co-NP bridge-enabled fast charge transfer and active intracellular methanogenesis in bio-electrochemical CO2-conversion with Methanosarcina barkeri","volume":"35","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE03886B","article-title":"Tailoring interfacial microbiome and charge dynamics via a rationally designed atomic-nanoparticle bridge for bio-electrochemical CO2-fixation","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124530","article-title":"Hybrid microbial photoelectrochemical system reduces CO2 to CH4 with 1.28% solar energy conversion efficiency","volume":"390","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111375","article-title":"Solar-driven biological inorganic hybrid systems for the production of solar fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide","volume":"150","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2960","article-title":"Capture and conversion of CO2 at ambient conditions by a conjugated microporous polymer","volume":"4","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16728","DOI":"10.1021\/ja509650r","article-title":"Highly selective solar-driven methanol from CO2 by a photocatalyst\/biocatalyst integrated system","volume":"136","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5453","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c02172","article-title":"Liquid sunlight: the evolution of photosynthetic biohybrids","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0515","article-title":"Sustainable conversion of microplastics to methane with ultrahigh selectivity by a biotic\u2013abiotic hybrid photocatalytic system","volume":"61","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34423-1","article-title":"Solar-driven methanogenesis with ultrahigh selectivity by turning down H2 production at biotic-abiotic interface","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-023-00962-z","article-title":"Artificial spherical chromatophore nanomicelles for selective CO2 reduction in water","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6582","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201803397","article-title":"Creating a low-potential redox polymer for efficient electroenzymatic CO2 reduction","volume":"57","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14258","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201902880","article-title":"Strategies for bioelectrochemical CO2 reduction","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE02485J","article-title":"Highly selective electroreduction of N2 and CO2 to urea over artificial frustrated Lewis pairs","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12319","article-title":"Anthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide modifies plant\u2013insect interactions","volume":"170","author":"Zavala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.34.100180.002231","article-title":"Chemical and fuel production by anaerobic bacteria","volume":"34","author":"Zeikus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwad142","article-title":"Light-driven biohybrid system utilizes N2 for photochemical CO2 reduction","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00537B","article-title":"Engineering extracellular electron transfer pathways of electroactive microorganisms by synthetic biology for energy and chemicals production","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0267-z","article-title":"Bacteria photosensitized by intracellular gold nanoclusters for solar fuel production","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b00255","article-title":"Artificial thylakoid for the coordinated photoenzymatic reduction of carbon dioxide","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13449","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00392E","article-title":"Enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11503","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c03737","article-title":"Development of an ionic porphyrin-based platform as a biomimetic light-harvesting agent for high-performance photoenzymatic synthesis of methanol from CO2","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(19)63408-X","article-title":"Artificial bioconversion of carbon dioxide","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-022-00775-6","article-title":"Upcycling CO2 into energy-rich long-chain compounds via electrochemical and metabolic engineering","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nww083","article-title":"A breakthrough in electrocatalysis of CO2 conversion","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rev."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852425009150?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852425009150?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:52:14Z","timestamp":1758664334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852425009150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["S0960852425009150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biohybrid technologies for CO2 conversion to fuels and chemicals: Advances in bio-electro-, bio-photoelectro-, and bio-photocatalysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132949","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"132949"}}