{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:23:15Z","timestamp":1792552995377,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"National Agency for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BTA-BTA\/2249\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTA-BTA\/2249\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T15:14:14Z","timestamp":1755962054000},"page":"133163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Challenging the conductive paradigm: The unexpected role of sand in anaerobic digestion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"438","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia S.N.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Rubilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ciudad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Tortella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Hermosilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.Salom\u00e9","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia F.","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0005","article-title":"Advances in microbial community, mechanisms and stimulation effects of direct interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic digestion","volume":"76","author":"Akram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140175","article-title":"Boosting thermophilic anaerobic digestion with conductive materials: current outlook and future prospects","volume":"343","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147683","article-title":"The impact of different types of high surface area brush fibers with varying electrical conductivity and biocompatibility on methane generation rates in anaerobic digestion","volume":"787","author":"Baek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2021.07.008","article-title":"Sand, gravel, and UN Sustainable Development Goals: Conflicts, synergies, and pathways forward","volume":"4","author":"Bendixen","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178340","article-title":"Microbial activity of the inoculum determines the impact of activated carbon, magnetite and zeolite on methane production","volume":"960","author":"Braga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total Env."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0030","article-title":"Non-conductive silicon-containing materials improve methane production by a pure culture of methanogens","volume":"308","author":"Braga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.3390\/en16093686","article-title":"Life cycle assessment and cost\u2013benefit analysis as combined economic\u2013environmental assessment tools: application to an anaerobic digestion plant","volume":"16","author":"Bruno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11154","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03522","article-title":"Stimulation and inhibition of anaerobic digestion by nickel and cobalt: a rapid assessment using the resazurin reduction assay","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Env. Scie. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.666582","article-title":"nZVI impacts substrate conversion and microbiome composition in chain elongation from D- and L-lactate substrates","volume":"9","author":"Contreras-D\u00e1vila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15124","article-title":"Multiple and flexible roles of facultative anaerobic bacteria in microaerophilic oleate degradation","volume":"22","author":"Duarte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118979","article-title":"Enhancing anaerobic digestion Efficiency: a comprehensive review on innovative intensification technologies","volume":"320","author":"Elsayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.11.021","article-title":"Selecting sewage sludge treatment alternatives in modern wastewater treatment plants using environmental decision support systems","volume":"107","author":"Garrido-Baserba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.336","article-title":"Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests","volume":"74","author":"Holliger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38754","article-title":"Partial replacement of sand by fine-grained crushed waste glass along with fly ash stabilization for geotechnical applications in pavement","volume":"10","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0090","article-title":"The role of iron-based nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (AD) performance","volume":"284","author":"Jadhav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124249","article-title":"Volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge during anaerobic fermentation: the effect of superfine sand","volume":"319","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.025","article-title":"Influence of composite particle formation on the performance and economics of grit removal","volume":"108","author":"Judd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-012-9304-9","article-title":"Bio-energy recovery from high-solid organic substrates by dry anaerobic bio-conversion processes: a review","volume":"12","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9100884","article-title":"Enhanced anaerobic digestion using conductive materials through mediation of direct microbial interspecies electron transfer: a review","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.33226\/1231-2037.2023.3.3","article-title":"Review of possibilities of using sandy waste obtained in wastewater treatment plants as an alternative raw material in construction","volume":"2023","author":"Kostrzewa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gospodarka Materia\u0142owa i Logistyka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130601","article-title":"The role of conductive nanoparticles in anaerobic digestion: mechanism, current status and future perspectives","volume":"280","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2023.109182","article-title":"Dual roles in interspecies electron transfer of carbon-based materials for accelerating anaerobic digestion of food waste","volume":"203","author":"Langxian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121926","article-title":"Impact of adding metal nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion performance \u2013 a review","volume":"292","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9655","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b01252","article-title":"Regulating secretion of extracellular polymeric substance through dosing magnetite and zerovalent iron nanoparticles to affect anaerobic digestion mode","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0150","article-title":"Modulating interspecies electron and proton transfer by conductive materials toward enhanced anaerobic digestion: a review","volume":"498","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125384","article-title":"Promoting anaerobic co\u2011digestion of sewage sludge and food waste with different types of conductive materials: performance, stability, and underlying mechanism","volume":"337","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01913","article-title":"Methane production and conductive materials: a critical review","volume":"52","author":"Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Env. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.113491","article-title":"Elevating anaerobic digestion efficiency: Unveiling the alchemical effects of conductive materials ox extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) composition","volume":"12","author":"Nabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Env. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125847","article-title":"Promotion of direct interspecies electron transfer and potential impact of conductive materials in anaerobic digestion and its downstream processing \u2013 a critical review","volume":"341","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0175","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Different effects of nano-scale and micro-scale zero-valent iron particles on planktonic microorganisms from natural reservoir water","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.01.095","article-title":"Direct interspecies electron transfer via conductive materials: a perspective for anaerobic digestion applications","volume":"254","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.03.099","article-title":"Improving anaerobic digestion with support media: Mitigation of ammonia inhibition and effect on microbial communities","volume":"235","author":"Poirier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.197","article-title":"Microbial life on a sand grain: from bulk sediment to single grains","volume":"12","author":"Probandt","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122681","article-title":"Dry anaerobic digestion of organic waste: a review of operational parameters and their impact on process performance","volume":"299","author":"Rocamora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13774","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes accelerate methane production in pure cultures of methanogens and in a syntrophic coculture","volume":"19","author":"Salvador","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environm. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1080\/15533174.2016.1219869","article-title":"Effect of synthesis parameters on the particle size of the zero valent iron particles","volume":"47","author":"Simsek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Nano-Metal Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00035-13","article-title":"Activity and viability of methanogens in anaerobic digestion of unsatured and satured long-chain fatty acids","volume":"79","author":"Sousa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.4.1114-1119.1993","article-title":"Growth of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria with fumarate in the absence of methanogenic bacteria","volume":"59","author":"Stams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.139","article-title":"Modelling extracellular limitations for mediated versus direct interspecies electron transfer","volume":"10","author":"Storck","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118704","article-title":"Natural zeolite enhances anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge: Insights into the performance and the role of biofilm","volume":"345","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129902","article-title":"Life cycle assessment and cost\u2013benefit analysis of small-scale anaerobic digestion system treating food waste onsite under different operational conditions","volume":"390","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00300-4","article-title":"The role of shear dynamics in biofilm formation","volume":"8","author":"Tsagkari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofilm Microb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121726","article-title":"Redox-based electron exchange capacity of biowaste-derived biochar accelerates syntrophic phenol oxidation for methanogenesis via direct interspecies electron transfer","volume":"390","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.124671","article-title":"Deeper insights into effect of activated carbon and nano-zero-valent iron addition on acidogenesis and whole anaerobic digestion","volume":"324","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25857","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25857","article-title":"Effects of metal nanoparticles on methane production from waste-activated sludge and microorganism community shift in anaerobic granular sludge","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106782","article-title":"Growing role of concrete in sand and climate crises","volume":"26","author":"Watari","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0270","article-title":"Characterization of the surface roughness of sand particles using an advanced fractal approach","volume":"472","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. r. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-023-03167-7","article-title":"Quantifying the particle shape and surface roughness of sands","volume":"82","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852425011307?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852425011307?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:19:18Z","timestamp":1778570358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852425011307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0960852425011307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenging the conductive paradigm: The unexpected role of sand in anaerobic digestion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133163","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133163"}}