{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1793681582588,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2028,4,3]],"date-time":"2028-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1838332800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":642,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202406330034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202406330034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006559","name":"University of Tsukuba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K19863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K19863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24H00767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24H00767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T16:10:55Z","timestamp":1775059855000},"page":"134545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Static and dynamic dissolved oxygen distributions in algal\u2013bacterial granular sludge: mapping intragranular oxygen profile and penetration under different oxygenation strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"451","author":[{"given":"Zhichen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoo","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duu-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.M.","family":"van Loosdrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongfang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00403","article-title":"The oxygenic photogranule process for aeration-free wastewater treatment","volume":"52","author":"Abouhend","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04745","article-title":"Growth progression of oxygenic photogranules and its impact on bioactivity for aeration-free wastewater treatment","volume":"54","author":"Abouhend","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.113245","article-title":"A comparative study of algal-bacterial granular sludges and aerobic granular sludge at different C\/N ratio: Granule characteristics, SND progress and Microbial community","volume":"12","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1039\/D4VA00054D","article-title":"Water quality indicators influencing the formation and morphology of hydrostatically-formed photogranules","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Env Sci Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169013","article-title":"Oxygen affinity and light intensity induced robust phosphorus removal and fragile ammonia removal in a non-aerated bacteria-algae system","volume":"912","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.0c00221","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of oxygenic photogranules\u2019 photosynthetic capacity by pulse amplitude modulation and phototrophic- Irradiance curves","volume":"1","author":"Gikonyo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.07.009","article-title":"Dynamic characterization of external and internal mass transport in heterotrophic biofilms from microsensors measurements","volume":"102","author":"Guimera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2025.108146","article-title":"From impact to restoration: Biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge systems","volume":"204","author":"Kedves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2005.06.012","article-title":"Diffusion of substrate and oxygen in aerobic granule","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2008.04.005","article-title":"DO diffusion profile in aerobic granule and its microbiological implications","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129752","article-title":"Photosynthetic oxygen-supported algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge can facilitate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater: Focus on light intensity selection","volume":"388","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0060","article-title":"Dissolved oxygen control in photosynthetic-oxygen supported algal-bacterial granule system to better coordinate microalgae with bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2025.108610","article-title":"A review on recent advancement in algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge: from inoculation approaches to operation strategies","volume":"83","author":"Lyu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgenroth, E., Sherden, T., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Heijnen, J.J., Wilderer, P.A., 1997. Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Res. 31, 3191-3194. https:\/\/doi: 10.1016\/S0043-1354(97)00216-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(97)00216-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27585","article-title":"Mapping the biological activities of filamentous oxygenic photogranules","volume":"118","author":"Ouazaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Lin, Y., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., de Kreuk, M.K., 2025. Attachment performance between micro particles and different sized aerobic granular sludge - from outside to inside. Water Res. 280, 123539. https:\/\/doi: 10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123539.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123539"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133436","article-title":"Light-driven oxygen supersaturation controls microbial resilience in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge systems: Novel intermittent regulation strategy for carbon-neutral wastewater treatment","volume":"440","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toh, S.K., Tay, J.H., Moy, B.Y.P., Ivanov, V., Tay, S.T.L., 2003. Size-effect on the physical characteristics of the aerobic granule in a SBR. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60, 687-695. https:\/\/doi: 10.1007\/s00253-002-1145-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-1145-y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124190","article-title":"Behavior of algal-bacterial granular sludge in a novel closed photo-sequencing batch reactor under no external O2 supply","volume":"318","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.104614","article-title":"Disintegration and re-granulation of aged algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge in wastewater treatment","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0105","article-title":"Use of photo-driven algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge system to close carbon cycle in biological nutrients removal and sludge anaerobic digestion units in wastewater treatment plants","volume":"475","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126439","article-title":"Achieving stably enhanced biological phosphorus removal from aerobic granular sludge system via phosphorus rich liquid extraction during anaerobic period","volume":"346","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.130748","article-title":"Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from closed activated sludge- to aerobic granular sludge-based biosystems via gas circulation","volume":"401","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122087","article-title":"Novel insights into the biological state in algal-bacterial granular sludge granulation: Armor-like protection provided by the algal barrier","volume":"262","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426006267?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426006267?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:53:00Z","timestamp":1777600380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852426006267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0960852426006267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Static and dynamic dissolved oxygen distributions in algal\u2013bacterial granular sludge: mapping intragranular oxygen profile and penetration under different oxygenation strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134545","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134545"}}