{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:59:58Z","timestamp":1790211598905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008396","name":"Ministeriet for F\u00f8 devarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022592","name":"GUDP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34009-21-1829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34009-21-1829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1784732925000},"page":"135491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Solids contents, particle size, and chemical composition as drivers of viscosity in agricultural digestates and separated liquid fractions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"461","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane","family":"Romio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair James","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Bjarne","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110379","article-title":"Exploring technological alternatives of nutrient recovery from digestate as a secondary resource","volume":"134","author":"Barampouti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2005.04.020","article-title":"About peak and loop in sludge rheograms","volume":"78","author":"Baudez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2018.352","article-title":"Substrate and operational conditions as regulators of fluid properties in full-scale continuous stirred-tank biogas reactors\u2013implications for rheology-driven power requirements","volume":"78","author":"Bj\u00f6rn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2011.05.037","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics modelling of sewage sludge mixing in an anaerobic digester","volume":"44","author":"Bridgeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0025","unstructured":"Brookfield, 2024. More solutions to sticky problems. https:\/\/www.brookfieldengineering.com\/-\/media\/ametekbrookfield\/tech-sheets\/more-solutions-2017.pdf?la (accessed January 2026)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-022-01934-3","article-title":"A review on the rheological behavior of organic waste for CFD modeling of flows in anaerobic reactors","volume":"14","author":"Caillet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2018.11.016","article-title":"Combined effects of digestate viscosity and agitation conditions on the fermentative biohydrogen production","volume":"142","author":"Chezeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8524(94)90171-6","article-title":"Effect of pH on the behaviour of volatile compounds in organic manures during dry-matter determination","volume":"49","author":"Derikx","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114985","article-title":"Anaerobic digestion in global bio-energy production for sustainable bioeconomy: potential and research challenges","volume":"208","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-022-02103-3","article-title":"Identifying targets for increased biogas production through chemical and organic matter characterization of digestate from full-scale biogas plants: what remains and why?","volume":"15","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(01)00487-2","article-title":"The rheological and physico-chemical characteristics of sewage sludges","volume":"30","author":"Forster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.100","article-title":"Monitoring of full-scale hydrodynamic cavitation pretreatment in agricultural biogas plant","volume":"247","author":"Garuti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-018-0231-z","article-title":"Nutrient recovery from biogas digestate by optimised membrane treatment","volume":"9","author":"Gienau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/cite.201700102","article-title":"Rheological characterization of anaerobic sludge from agricultural and bio\u2010waste biogas plants","volume":"90","author":"Gienau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Ingenieur Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0075","article-title":"Development of devices for the determination of the rheological properties of coarse biomass treated by dry anaerobic digestion","volume":"15","author":"Hernandez-Shek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2017.01.005","article-title":"Rheological characterization of raw and anaerobically digested cow slurry","volume":"119","author":"Hreiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2023.06.045","article-title":"Rheological characteristics of an anaerobically digested rye and maize silage mixture: Impact of solid concentration and particle size on rheological properties","volume":"196","author":"Kamkeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.13031\/trans.12768","article-title":"Physical and rheological properties of animal manure: a review","volume":"61","author":"Kariyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0095","first-page":"1959","article-title":"Impact of anaerobic digestion of liquid dairy manure on ammonia volatilization process","volume":"56","author":"Koirala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2023.109043","article-title":"Rheology-dependent mass diffusion characteristics of high-solids anaerobic co-digestate of food waste and sewage sludge","volume":"199","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.125859","article-title":"Mechanism of zero valent iron and anaerobic mesophilic digestion combined with hydrogen peroxide pretreatment to enhance sludge dewaterability: relationship between soluble EPS and rheological behavior","volume":"247","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.07.182","article-title":"Effects of mixing on the result of anaerobic digestion","volume":"40","author":"Lindmark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.10.050","article-title":"Adjusting the rheological properties of corn-straw slurry to reduce the agitation power consumption in anaerobic digestion","volume":"272","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0120","unstructured":"Malvern Panalytical, 2018. Definition and Measurement Methods of Particle Size Distribution. https:\/\/www.malvernpanalytical.com\/en\/learn\/knowledge-center\/insights\/basis-particle (accessed January 2026)."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.06.021","article-title":"Comparative analysis of anaerobically digested wastes flow properties","volume":"34","author":"Mbaye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139214","article-title":"Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge with cellulose, protein, and lipids: role of rheology and digestibility","volume":"731","author":"Miryahyaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103970","article-title":"Rheological measurements as indicators for hydrolysis rate, organic matter removal, and dewaterability of digestate in anaerobic digesters","volume":"8","author":"Miryahyaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.049","article-title":"Impact of rheological properties of substrate on anaerobic digestion and digestate dewaterability: New insights through rheological and physico-chemical interaction","volume":"150","author":"Miryahyaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2016.08.009","article-title":"Design, calibration and validation of a large lab-scale system for measuring viscosity in fermenting substrate from agricultural anaerobic digesters","volume":"115","author":"Montgomery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201100085","article-title":"Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth: a review","volume":"12","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.08.041","article-title":"Development of an in-line process viscometer for the full-scale biogas process","volume":"178","author":"M\u00f6nch-Tegeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2022.118184","article-title":"Blending and cavern formation within non-Newtonian fluids in stirred tanks: application to nuclear waste fluid processing","volume":"266","author":"Noble","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.08.007","article-title":"The potential use of shear viscosity to monitor polymer conditioning of sewage sludge digestates","volume":"105","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0170","article-title":"Assessment of ammonia emission mitigation efficiency of established and novel field application techniques for anaerobically digested slurry","volume":"X. 10045","author":"Pedersen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atm. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127388","article-title":"Effect of ultrasonic and electrokinetic post-treatments on methane yield and viscosity of agricultural digestate","volume":"358","author":"Romio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129646","article-title":"Exploring increased hydraulic retention time as a cost-efficient way of valorizing residual biogas potential","volume":"387","author":"Romio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1415508","article-title":"Characterization and valorization of biogas digestate and derived organic fertilizer products from separation processes","volume":"8","author":"Romio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c00854","article-title":"Rheology, micronutrients, and process disturbance in continuous stirred-tank biogas reactors","volume":"62","author":"Safaric","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4314\/wsa.v28i2.4886","article-title":"Effect of solution physical chemistry on the rheological properties of activated sludge","volume":"28","author":"Sanin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109709","article-title":"Rheological properties of digestate from agricultural biogas plants: an overview of measurement techniques and influencing factors","volume":"121","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-013-0375-z","article-title":"Improving the mixing performances of rice straw anaerobic digestion for higher biogas production by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation","volume":"171","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126811","article-title":"Revealing the variations in physicochemical, morphological, fractal, and rheological properties of digestate during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of iron-rich waste activated sludge","volume":"254","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosph."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1161-0301(01)00112-5","article-title":"Ammonia emission from field applied manure and its reduction","volume":"15","author":"Sommer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.03.023","article-title":"Reducing agitation energy-consumption by improving rheological properties of corn stover substrate in anaerobic digestion","volume":"168","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330309385635","article-title":"Effect of pH and ionic environment changes on interparticle interactions affecting activated sludge flocs: a rheological approach","volume":"24","author":"Tixier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.042","article-title":"Enhanced dewaterability of sludge during anaerobic digestion with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment: new insights through structure evolution","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.10.021","article-title":"Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source","volume":"69","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426015737?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426015737?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:02:59Z","timestamp":1790208179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852426015737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0960852426015737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Solids contents, particle size, and chemical composition as drivers of viscosity in agricultural digestates and separated liquid fractions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135491","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"135491"}}