{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:32:06Z","timestamp":1793802726396,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22206103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22206103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:55:27Z","timestamp":1787669727000},"page":"135715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of iron-loaded biochar on medium-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"463","author":[{"given":"Tianru","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3084-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9572-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8189","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee22101b","article-title":"Chain elongation with reactor microbiomes: upgrading dilute ethanol to medium-chain carboxylates","volume":"5","author":"Agler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133187","article-title":"Biochar-supported nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI\/BC) composites for removal of nitro and chlorinated contaminants","volume":"431","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf239","article-title":"Paraclostridium sp. AKS46 vesicles facilitate extracellular electron transport","volume":"136","author":"Basu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00707","article-title":"Flavin-based electron bifurcation, a new mechanism of biological energy coupling","volume":"118","author":"Buckel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00310","article-title":"Understanding mechanisms of synergy between acidification and ultrasound treatments for activated sludge dewatering: from bench to pilot-scale investigation","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124443","article-title":"Coupled extracellular and intracellular electron transfer chains in methanogens: mechanisms, energy conservation, and application potential","volume":"287","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1021\/es034354c","article-title":"Fluorescence excitation\u00a0\u2212\u00a0emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121472","article-title":"Synchronous in-situ sludge reduction and enhanced denitrification through improving electron transfer during endogenous metabolisms with Fe(II) addition","volume":"255","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121058","article-title":"Degradation of antibiotics and inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Cephalosporin C fermentation residues using ionizing radiation, ozonation and thermal treatment","volume":"382","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128921","article-title":"Advanced treatment of antibiotic wastewater by ionizing radiation combined with peroxymonosulfate\/H2O2 oxidation","volume":"321","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"7360","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10333","article-title":"Engineered reversal of the \u03b2-oxidation cycle for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals","volume":"476","author":"Dellomonaco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"DuBois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0065","first-page":"e02307","article-title":"Functional expression of the Clostridium ljungdahlii acetyl-CoA synthase in Clostridium acetobutylicum","volume":"84","author":"Fast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116030","article-title":"Carbon cloth facilitates semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater rich in volatile fatty acids from dark fermentation","volume":"272","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00323-1","article-title":"Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin","volume":"30","author":"Fr\u00f8lund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.130782","article-title":"Comprehensive review of microbial production of medium-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge and enhancement strategy","volume":"402","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01614","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01614-18","article-title":"Metabolic interactions of a chain elongation microbiome","volume":"84","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115817","article-title":"Interactions between nanoscale zero valent iron and extracellular polymeric substances of anaerobic sludge","volume":"178","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164495","article-title":"Iron-modified electroactive material mediated chain elongation: bridging pseudocapacitance and caproate biosynthesis","volume":"517","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158273","article-title":"Timing of magnetite introduction drives distinct community succession in bioelectrochemical systems: from colonization to acclimation","volume":"503","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135948","article-title":"Understanding the role of extracellular polymeric substances in the rheological properties of aerobic granular sludge","volume":"705","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142051","article-title":"Improved production of medium-chain fatty acids by biochar: effect of biochar dosage and mechanism","volume":"450","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141660","article-title":"Influence of adding strategy of biochar on medium-chain fatty acids production from sewage sludge","volume":"354","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137785","article-title":"Particle size of zero-valent iron affects the risks from antibiotic resistance genes in waste activated sludge during anaerobic digestion","volume":"490","author":"Pang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2008.08.012","article-title":"Acetogenesis and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of CO2 fixation","volume":"1784","author":"Ragsdale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120889","article-title":"Enzyme-enhanced acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge: insights from sludge structure, interfaces, and functional microflora","volume":"249","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7280","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08721","article-title":"Microbial production of fatty-acid-derived fuels and chemicals from plant biomass","volume":"463","author":"Steen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115686","article-title":"Humification in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) dominates methane release and EPS reconstruction during the sludge stabilization of high-solid anaerobic digestion","volume":"175","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107882","article-title":"Biological production of medium-chain carboxylates through chain elongation: an overview","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00040","article-title":"Electron beam technology coupled to Fenton oxidation for advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater: from laboratory to full application","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136044","article-title":"Ferric oxide stimulates medium-chain carboxylic acids synthesis from waste activated sludge via ethanol-driven chain elongation: mechanisms and implications","volume":"389","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-025-00558-4","article-title":"Staged modulation using synergistic alkaline biochar-ferrate enhances medium-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun. Eng."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10904","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03029","article-title":"Zerovalent iron effectively enhances medium-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge through improving sludge biodegradability and electron transfer efficiency","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab057","article-title":"Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria in methanogenic systems","volume":"46","author":"Westerholm","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131457","article-title":"Outstanding enhancement of caproate production with microwave pyrolyzed highly reductive biochar addition","volume":"413","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116381","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols production from waste activated sludge via two-stage anaerobic fermentation","volume":"186","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115218","article-title":"Unveiling the mechanisms of medium-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation liquor through physiological, thermodynamic and metagenomic investigations","volume":"169","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.0c00278","article-title":"Revealing the mechanism of biochar enhancing the production of medium chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation liquor","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700623","article-title":"Extracellular polymeric substances are transient media for microbial extracellular electron transfer","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08577","article-title":"Applying dynamic magnetic field to promote anaerobic digestion via enhancing the electron transfer of a microbial respiration chain","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127665","article-title":"Co-fermentation of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass for production of medium-chain fatty acids","volume":"361","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121428","article-title":"Zero-valent iron enhanced methane production of anaerobic digestion by reinforcing microbial electron bifurcation coupled with direct inter-species electron transfer","volume":"255","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01367","article-title":"Electronic bifurcation: a new perspective on Fe bio-utilization in anaerobic digestion of lactate","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-024-00329-z","article-title":"Solar-driven sewage sludge electroreforming coupled with biological funnelling to cogenerate green food and hydrogen","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715_b0225","article-title":"Extracellular polymeric substances-antibiotics interaction in activated sludge: a review","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426017979?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960852426017979?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:23:38Z","timestamp":1793802218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960852426017979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0960852426017979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8524","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of iron-loaded biochar on medium-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135715","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"135715"}}