{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:06:47Z","timestamp":1793106407857,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T22:48:53Z","timestamp":1610146133000},"page":"112971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":287,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Functionalized terahertz plasmonic metasensors: Femtomolar-level detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Ahmadivand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Gerislioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandiaraj","family":"Manickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Amir","family":"Ghoreishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib1","article-title":"Evaluation of antibody testing for SARS-Cov-2 using ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24304","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b08184","article-title":"Directional toroidal dipoles driven by oblique poloidal and loop current flows in plasmonic meta-atoms","volume":"122","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.005333","article-title":"Transition from capacitive coupling to direct charge transfer in asymmetric terahertz plasmonic assemblies","volume":"41","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00478","article-title":"Rapid detection of infectious envelope proteins by magnetoplasmonic toroidal metasensors","volume":"2","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.000373","article-title":"Extreme sensitive metasensor for targeted biomarkers identification using colloidal nanoparticles-integrated plasmonic unit cells","volume":"9","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.034018","article-title":"Attomolar detection of low-molecular weight antibiotics using midinfrared-resonant toroidal plasmonic metachip technology","volume":"12","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib7","unstructured":"A. Ahmadivand, R. Sinha, B. Gerislioglu, and N. Pala, Sensor Platform Based on Toroidal Resonances for Rapid Detection of Biomolecules. U.S. Patent 10,288,563, (2019)."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13108","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR04312H","article-title":"Generation of magnetoelectric photocurrents using toroidal resonances: a new class of infrared plasmonic photodetectors","volume":"11","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.9b00035","article-title":"Gated graphene enabled tunable charge\u2013current configurations in hybrid plasmonic metamaterials","volume":"1","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.08.002","article-title":"Terahertz plasmonics: the rise of toroidal metadevices towards immunobiosensings","volume":"32","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib11","series-title":"Toroidal Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900326","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201900326","article-title":"Toroidal metaphotonics and metadevices","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laser Photon. Rev. Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.005","article-title":"Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2","volume":"81","author":"Azzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906108","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201906108","article-title":"Rapid and digital detection of inflammatory biomarkers enabled by a novel portable nanoplasmonic imager","volume":"16","author":"Belushkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.266","article-title":"Plasmonics for future biosensors","volume":"6","author":"Brolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0513-4","article-title":"CRISPR\u2013Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2","author":"Broughton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7226","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00784","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG using lanthanide-doped nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib19","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed.: Atenei Parmensis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13065","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.013065","article-title":"Toroidal dipole response in a multifold double-ring metamaterial","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optic Express"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-1573(90)90042-Z","article-title":"Toroid moments in electrodynamics and solid-state physics","volume":"187","author":"Dubovik","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7087","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.61.7087","article-title":"Material equations for electromagnetism with toroidal polarizations","volume":"61","author":"Dubovik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200432","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200432","article-title":"Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR","volume":"296","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2019.100206","article-title":"Infrared plasmonic photodetectors: the emergence of high photon yield toroidal metadevices","volume":"14","author":"Gerislioglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials Today Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4978672","article-title":"Sensing with toroidal metamaterial","volume":"110","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2708-9","article-title":"A unified view of propagating and localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors","volume":"379","author":"Haes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.8.002197","article-title":"Analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in an E-shaped all-dielectric metasurface based on toroidal dipolar response","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Mater. Express"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2546","article-title":"Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing","volume":"8","author":"Kabashin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"6010","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197172","article-title":"Toroidal dipolar response in a metamaterial","volume":"330","author":"Kaelberer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.08.040","article-title":"Towards detection and diagnosis of Ebola virus disease at point-of-care","volume":"75","author":"Kaushik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.10.001","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors for early stage Zika diagnostics","volume":"35","author":"Kaushik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28035-3","article-title":"A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of Zika-virus protein","volume":"8","author":"Kaushik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.4249","article-title":"Surface-plasmon resonances in single metallic nanoparticles","volume":"80","author":"Klar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08433A","article-title":"Plasmonic metamaterials for chiral sensing applications","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25786","article-title":"Stability issues of RT\u2010PCR testing of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID\u201019","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100313v","article-title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance sensors","volume":"111","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2020.100306","article-title":"Aspects of nano-enabling biosensing systems for intelligent healthcare; towards COVID-19 management","volume":"17","author":"Mujawar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11030306","article-title":"Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): paving the road for rapid detection and point-of-care diagnostics","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b09508","article-title":"Plasmonic metasurface for spatially resolved optical sensing in three dimensions","volume":"14","author":"Nugroho","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30113-4","article-title":"Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples","volume":"20","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4563","article-title":"Electromagnetic toroidal excitations in matter and free space","volume":"15","author":"Papasimakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02439","article-title":"Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.035601","article-title":"Toroid moments in the momentum and angular momentum loss by a radiating arbitrary source","volume":"65","author":"Radescu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03248-x","article-title":"Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis, Clinic","volume":"24","author":"Sabino-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201002228","article-title":"Investigation of plasmon resonances in metal films with nanohole arrays for biosensing applications","volume":"7","author":"Sannomiya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02823","article-title":"Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor","volume":"14","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","article-title":"COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Shereen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4609","article-title":"Extreme sensitivity biosensing platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials","volume":"15","author":"Sreekanth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068126n","article-title":"Nanostructured plasmonic sensor","volume":"108","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00630-20","article-title":"Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel, the first rapid multiplex PCR commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection","volume":"58","author":"Visseaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00325","article-title":"Plasmonic metamaterials for nanochemistry and sensing","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3161","article-title":"Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterials for ultrasensitive spectroscopy and identification of molecular monolayers","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2019.111592","article-title":"A metamaterial\/liquid-core waveguide microfluidic optical sensor","volume":"300","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensor Actuator Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8","article-title":"Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.6b00463","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-based terahertz metamaterial sensors: mechanisms and applications","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4962","DOI":"10.1021\/nl103025u","article-title":"An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media","volume":"10","author":"Yanik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib58","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Electromagnetic interaction with parity violation","volume":"33","author":"Zel'Dovich","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Exp. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501754","article-title":"Graphene\u2013gold metasurface architectures for ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensing","volume":"27","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12942","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00088","article-title":"Synthesis, assembly, and applications of hybrid nanostructures for biosensing","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566321000075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566321000075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:16:18Z","timestamp":1760663778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566321000075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0956566321000075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Functionalized terahertz plasmonic metasensors: Femtomolar-level detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112971","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112971"}}