{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:23:23Z","timestamp":1785896603029,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":297,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T01:32:46Z","timestamp":1610933566000},"page":"113004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optical technologies for the detection of viruses like COVID-19: Progress and prospects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Jijo","family":"Lukose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhosh","family":"Chidangil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajan D.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093373","volume":"21","author":"Ambartsumyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.5.1689","volume":"107","author":"B\u00e4chi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1995.07061045.x","volume":"7","author":"Baulcombe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0513-4","volume":"38","author":"Broughton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b03934","volume":"90","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-018-0424-3","volume":"15","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00515-6","volume":"8","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib8","series-title":"Single-Molecule Sensitivity RNA FISH Analysis of Influenza Virus Genome Trafficking. Influenza Virus","first-page":"195","author":"Chou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.2123","volume":"40","author":"Cialla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112349","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300408","volume":"4","author":"De Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib12","author":"Deckert","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib13","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.Biophotonics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib14","author":"Devpost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18575-6","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib16","first-page":"1","author":"Djaileb","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemRxiv"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102511","volume":"9","author":"Eggert","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.4110-4119.1999","volume":"73","author":"Elliott","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b00697","volume":"4","author":"Eom","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2397554","volume":"11","author":"Erukhimovitch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Optic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c02060","volume":"92","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04129","volume":"92","author":"Gahlaut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199112","volume":"13","author":"Gamage","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.018","volume":"124","author":"Greber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3021076","volume":"12","author":"Olivier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12186","volume":"590","author":"Hanne","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2100","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003701","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200802376","volume":"47","author":"Heilemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00531b","volume":"136","author":"Hermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201401885","volume":"11","author":"Herod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-007-9055-y","volume":"24","author":"Hidari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib34","series-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensors. Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors","first-page":"45","author":"Homola","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2009.07.012","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0572LE","volume":"201","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-022X(01)00177-4","volume":"50","author":"Huleihel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/256362","volume":"15","author":"Huleihel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib39","volume":"32","author":"Jinglin","year":"2020","journal-title":"High Power Laser Part Beams"},{"issue":"7201","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06998","volume":"454","author":"Jouvenet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.05.002","volume":"5","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576875","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.576875","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2015.2117","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6483","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7483","volume":"6","author":"Lelek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013267109","volume":"109","author":"Lelek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04169.x","volume":"60","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00275","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02661","volume":"87","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1021\/ac500640u","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108961","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"10224","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.004755","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-202X\/aabed8","volume":"15","author":"Lukose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laser Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.0c00238","volume":"31","author":"Mahmud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914994107","volume":"107","author":"Manicassamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38946","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.380121","volume":"287","author":"Manzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2020.114596","volume":"878","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102903","volume":"59","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7617","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03822","volume":"14","author":"Moitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.067003","volume":"19","author":"Moor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.69","volume":"1","author":"Mor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1039\/B613014N","article-title":"The growing applications of click chemistry","volume":"36","author":"Moses","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10803","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.19.10803-10813.2004","volume":"78","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003198","volume":"9","author":"Muranyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0644-7","volume":"38","author":"Nachtigall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.06.064","volume":"86","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56847-4","volume":"10","author":"Omar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420138-5.00009-4","article-title":"Spinning-disk confocal microscopy: present technology and future trends","author":"Oreopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib69","series-title":"Linear Discriminant Analysis for Detection of Salivary NS1 from SERS Spectra. TENCON 2017-2017, IEEE Region 10 Conference","first-page":"2876","author":"Othman","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.03.051","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-84","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0580-9517(01)30046-6","volume":"30","author":"Pernthaler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700035","volume":"11","author":"Pizarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.biopho"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib74","first-page":"31","volume":"126","author":"Porter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.01.043","volume":"92","author":"Prabowo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02439","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.04.020","volume":"494","author":"Ramanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1134\/S1054660X12060072","volume":"22","author":"Rehman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laser Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1248","volume":"5","author":"Resch-Genger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clispe.2020.100001","volume":"1","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Spectroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib81","series-title":"JPhys Photonics","first-page":"1","author":"Ruiz-Vega","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/419783","volume":"22","author":"Saade","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Spectrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-017-1144-z","volume":"72","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.02.022","volume":"68","author":"Salman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00110","volume":"3","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Purr","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25640","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA03361C","volume":"7","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.074","volume":"15","author":"Savidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(96)02086-1","volume":"62","author":"Schofield","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02823","volume":"14","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib90","first-page":"100011","author":"Sengupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib91","first-page":"1","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1021\/nl061666f","volume":"6","author":"Shanmukh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib93","first-page":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib94","first-page":"S2207","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bio Med. Mater. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2013.0157","volume":"18","author":"Sitole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Omics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.002041","volume":"9","author":"Sohail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c01180","volume":"5","author":"Soler","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0021270","volume":"5","author":"Soler","year":"2020","journal-title":"APL Photonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.09.100","volume":"89","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.004","volume":"25","author":"Sydor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0414-6","volume":"13","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01822","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"6171","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247786","volume":"343","author":"Van Engelenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02036-08","volume":"75","author":"Vargas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04529","volume":"4","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.067","volume":"81","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2339-2344.2005","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib108","first-page":"1843","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.045","volume":"181","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005264107","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981965m","volume":"38","author":"Wen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib112","series-title":"COVID-19) Dashboard","author":"WHO Coronavirus Disease","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26770","volume":"59","author":"Wieland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6485","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2762","volume":"367","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910113117","volume":"117","author":"Yeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa345","volume":"71","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib117","first-page":"1","volume":"vol. 20200321","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib118","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83339","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1021\/nn305189n","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.03.007","volume":"233","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","volume":"382","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566321000403?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566321000403?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:16:39Z","timestamp":1760663799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566321000403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0956566321000403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optical technologies for the detection of viruses like COVID-19: Progress and prospects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113004"}}