{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T01:51:24Z","timestamp":1784425884331,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP220103024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP220103024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1196648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1196648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T10:14:49Z","timestamp":1687688089000},"page":"115467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electrochemical fluorescence switching of enhanced green fluorescent protein"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Goyette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Gaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Justin","family":"Gooding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.4.1105","article-title":"Mechanisms of epithelial cell\u2013cell adhesion and cell compaction revealed by high-resolution tracking of E-cadherin\u2013green fluorescent protein","volume":"142","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900343z","article-title":"Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging","volume":"110","author":"Berezin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2515-9","article-title":"Green fluorescent protein based pH indicators for in vivo use: a review","volume":"393","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1023","article-title":"Reversible photoswitching in fluorescent proteins: a mechanistic view","volume":"64","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1021\/la052767g","article-title":"Electric field driven protonation\/deprotonation of self-assembled monolayers of acid-terminated thiols","volume":"22","author":"Burgess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"5148","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8303295","article-title":"Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression","volume":"263","author":"Chalfie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1025","article-title":"Photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein for protein tracking","volume":"22","author":"Chudakov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6640","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/41048","article-title":"On\/off blinking and switching behaviour of single molecules of green fluorescent protein","volume":"388","author":"Dickson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9902182","article-title":"Structural and spectral response of green fluorescent protein variants to changes in pH","volume":"38","author":"Elsliger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14495","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201907298","article-title":"Observing the reversible single molecule electrochemistry of Alexa fluor 647 dyes by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy","volume":"58","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704937114","article-title":"Mechanically switching single-molecule fluorescence of GFP by unfolding and refolding","volume":"114","author":"Ganim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11354","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201600495","article-title":"Single\u2010molecule sensors: challenges and opportunities for quantitative analysis","volume":"55","author":"Gooding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.5b02271","article-title":"A light-induced reaction with oxygen leads to chromophore decomposition and irreversible photobleaching in GFP-type proteins","volume":"119","author":"Grigorenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00248","article-title":"rsEGFP2 enables fast RESOLFT nanoscopy of living cells","volume":"1","author":"Grotjohann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1191","article-title":"Engineering of a monomeric green-to-red photoactivatable fluorescent protein induced by blue light","volume":"24","author":"Gurskaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9511","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500489102","article-title":"Reversible single-molecule photoswitching in the GFP-like fluorescent protein Dronpa","volume":"102","author":"Habuchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1039\/b516339k","article-title":"Photo-induced protonation\/deprotonation in the GFP-like fluorescent protein Dronpa: mechanism responsible for the reversible photoswitching","volume":"5","author":"Habuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00407","article-title":"Superoxide ion: generation and chemical implications","volume":"116","author":"Hayyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.091116","article-title":"Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy","volume":"91","author":"Hess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5796","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00486a034","article-title":"Photochemical generation of superoxide radicals in aqueous solutions","volume":"100","author":"Holroyd","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6451","DOI":"10.1063\/1.371708","article-title":"Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium\u2013tin\u2013oxide thin films for organic light-emitting devices","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1318368","article-title":"Effect of film thickness on the properties of indium tin oxide thin films","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77870-1","article-title":"Green fluorescent protein as a noninvasive intracellular pH indicator","volume":"74","author":"Kneen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00038-x","article-title":"Single-molecule localization microscopy","volume":"1","author":"Lelek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6803","article-title":"Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins","volume":"95","author":"Llopis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05837-7","article-title":"Monolayer surface chemistry enables 2-colour single molecule localisation microscopy of adhesive ligands and adhesion proteins","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.1021\/ac301040r","article-title":"Proton transfer voltammetry at electrodes modified with acid thiol monolayers","volume":"84","author":"Luque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/ac5e10","article-title":"Lifetime based axial contrast enable simple 3D-STED imaging","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Appl. Fluoresc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1097-961","article-title":"Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology","volume":"15","author":"Misteli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709599105","article-title":"Light-dependent regulation of structural flexibility in a photochromic fluorescent protein","volume":"105","author":"Mizuno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.000112","article-title":"Subnanometer-accuracy optical distance ruler based on fluorescence quenching by transparent conductors","volume":"3","author":"Moerland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optica"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2008.04.018","article-title":"Electric field effects on fluorescence of the green fluorescent protein","volume":"457","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1039\/b800391b","article-title":"Application of fluorescence lifetime imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein to intracellular pH measurements","volume":"7","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60171D","article-title":"Fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging with super-resolution","volume":"43","author":"Nienhaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5947","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500147n","article-title":"Ground-state proton transfer kinetics in green fluorescent protein","volume":"53","author":"Oltrogge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13619","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b06833","article-title":"Electric field keeps chromophore planar and produces high yield fluorescence in green fluorescent protein","volume":"138","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC05159F","article-title":"Simultaneous impedance spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy for the real-time monitoring of the response of cells to drugs","volume":"8","author":"Parviz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"5588","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074952","article-title":"A photoactivatable GFP for selective photolabeling of proteins and cells","volume":"297","author":"Patterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900245106","article-title":"Three-dimensional, single-molecule fluorescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit by using a double-helix point spread function","volume":"106","author":"Pavani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01434-2","article-title":"Using GFP in FRET-based applications","volume":"9","author":"Pollok","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90691-H","article-title":"Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein","volume":"111","author":"Prasher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"top63","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.top63","article-title":"Fluorescent protein tracking and detection: fluorescent protein structure and color variants","volume":"2009","author":"Rizzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200602315","article-title":"Photoswitching of the fluorescent protein asFP595: mechanism, proton pathways, and absorption spectra","volume":"46","author":"Schafer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.005801","article-title":"Advances in fluorescent protein technology","volume":"120","author":"Shaner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030590302","article-title":"Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea","volume":"59","author":"Shimomura","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Cell Compar Physl"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26248","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412327200","article-title":"Base catalysis of chromophore formation in Arg96 and Glu222 variants of green fluorescent protein","volume":"280","author":"Sniegowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1039\/b412924p","article-title":"Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy","volume":"4","author":"Suhling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.509","article-title":"The green fluorescent protein","volume":"67","author":"Tsien","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1021\/jp980035+","article-title":"Voltammetric measurement of interfacial acid\/base reactions","volume":"102","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12645","DOI":"10.1021\/es5028663","article-title":"Photochemically induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from effluent organic matter","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1021\/cr010142r","article-title":"Green fluorescent protein (GFP): applications, structure, and related photophysical behavior","volume":"102","author":"Zimmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566323004098?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566323004098?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1760665851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566323004098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0956566323004098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electrochemical fluorescence switching of enhanced green fluorescent protein","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115467","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115467"}}