{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:47:58Z","timestamp":1788670078761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:03:00Z","timestamp":1772557380000},"page":"118570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nanoconfined biosensor for attomolar molecule detection and recycling via DNA strand displacement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Yonghuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minrui","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuesen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Qi","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12407","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03640","article-title":"Comparison of aptamer signaling mechanisms reveals disparities in sensor response and strategies to eliminate false signals","volume":"145","author":"Alkhamis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.04.075","article-title":"Nonlinear effects of diffusion limitations on the response and sensitivity of amperometric biosensors","volume":"240","author":"Baronas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19791","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c06599","article-title":"Orthogonal enzyme-driven timers for DNA strand displacement reactions","volume":"144","author":"Bucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57112-1","article-title":"Sub-femtomolar drug monitoring via co-calibration mechanism with nanoconfined DNA probes","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102298","article-title":"Nanopore dual-probe calibration and barcodes toward universal small-molecule sensing","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22493","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c06303","article-title":"Polymer\/hydrogel integrated solid-state nanochannel composite membranes","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c02983","article-title":"Thrombin nanochannel logic gate inspired by biomemory","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11874","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01630","article-title":"Breaking the sensitivity-specificity trade-off: a nanoconfined dual-DNA aptamer synergy strategy","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117910","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive solid-state nanochannel electrochemical biosensor based on interfacial charge density modulation and signal synergistic amplification for microRNA-155 detection","volume":"289","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166698","article-title":"Aptamer-anchored hydrophobic nanopores for electrochemical\/fluorescent dual-mode identification of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"521","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116637","article-title":"Nanotechnology-assisted microfluidic systems for chemical sensing, biosensing, and bioanalysis","volume":"152","author":"Fattahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5b00419","article-title":"Homology model-based virtual screening for the identification of human helicase DDX3 inhibitors","volume":"55","author":"Fazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202200064","article-title":"The complex roles of adenosine triphosphate in bioenergetics","volume":"23","author":"Fontecilla\u2010Camps","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1515\/ci-2024-0403","article-title":"IUPAC's 2024 top ten emerging technologies in chemistry","volume":"46","author":"Gomoll\u00f3n-Bel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00670","article-title":"Mass transfer limitations of porous silicon-based biosensors for protein detection","volume":"5","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6270","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00865C","article-title":"Solid-state nanochannels for bio-marker analysis","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/biophysica1030024","article-title":"Concentration sensitivity of nucleic acid and protein molecule detection using nanowire biosensors","volume":"1","author":"Ivanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biophysica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15395","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3053333","article-title":"Highly-efficient gating of solid-state nanochannels by DNA supersandwich structure containing ATP aptamers: a nanofluidic IMPLICATION logic device","volume":"134","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23104","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05327","article-title":"Mirror-image DNA nanobox for enhancing environment resistance of nucleic acid probes","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102210","article-title":"Phase engineering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for surface-enhanced raman scattering","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201209162","article-title":"Two-way nanopore sensing of sequence-specific oligonucleotides and small-molecule targets in complex matrices using integrated DNA supersandwich structures","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117585","article-title":"Bioelectronic nose for ultratrace odor detection via brain-computer interface with olfactory bulb electrode arrays","volume":"285","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.11.026","article-title":"Solid-state nanopore\/channels meet DNA nanotechnology","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c10040","article-title":"A review on perception of binding kinetics in affinity biosensors: challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"McCann","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118412","article-title":"Analytical strategies in early breast cancer diagnostic biomarker discovery by machine learning methods: promises, advances and outlooks","volume":"192","author":"Naghib","year":"2025","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5262","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm565","article-title":"Metal-ion binding and metal-ion induced folding of the adenine-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain","volume":"35","author":"Noeske","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib27","article-title":"Advance in conception and synthesis of boronic acid-functionalized materials and the application for developing high-performance sensors in reporting disease markers","volume":"549","author":"Peng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200520","article-title":"Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand displacement cascades","volume":"332","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19160","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c05004","article-title":"Wearable aptasensors","volume":"96","author":"Rabiee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630010157","article-title":"Pharmacophore and virtual screening of JAK3 inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Rajeswari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib31","series-title":"Handbook of Surface Plasmon Resonance","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to surface plasmon resonance","author":"Schasfoort","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-670-2_2","article-title":"The role of mass transport limitation and surface heterogeneity in the biophysical characterization of macromolecular binding processes by SPR biosensing","volume":"627","author":"Schuck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00580","article-title":"Principles and applications of nucleic acid strand displacement reactions","volume":"119","author":"Simmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117845","article-title":"Optical and electrochemical probes-assisted dual-mode nanosensor for ultrasensitive monitoring of serotonin in single cells","volume":"288","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c09576","article-title":"Aptamer renaissance for neurochemical biosensing","volume":"18","author":"Stuber","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166891","article-title":"Signal amplification via MOF-nanozyme microenvironment modulation in manochannels for PFOA detection","volume":"521","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.094615","article-title":"Probing the functional heterogeneity of surface binding sites by analysis of experimental binding traces and the effect of mass transport limitation","volume":"92","author":"Svitel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40353-3","article-title":"Metal-mediated base-pair switching enables metal-responsive DNA strand displacement","volume":"14","author":"Takezawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-02010-2","article-title":"Wearable biomolecular sensing nanotechnologies in chronic disease management","volume":"20","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51813-9","article-title":"Single-molecule force spectroscopy of toehold-mediated strand displacement","volume":"15","author":"Walbrun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9454","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c00783","article-title":"Increasing aptamer affinity from millimolar to nanomolar by forming a covalent adduct for detecting acrylamide","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.217188","article-title":"Emerging fluorescent supramolecular metal-organic cages: structural chemistry and fluorescent sensing applications","volume":"548","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17891","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03276","article-title":"Biomimetic nanofluidic devices: from functionalization to emerging biomedical applications","volume":"97","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib44","article-title":"Advances and challenges in small-molecule DNA aptamer isolation, characterization, and sensor development","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib46","article-title":"Recent advances in ionic current rectification based nanopore sensing: a mini-review","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Acutators Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib47","article-title":"A single set of well-designed aptamer probes for reliable on-site qualitative and ultra-sensitive quantitative detection","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib48","article-title":"Exploring bi-recycled strand displacement to cascade mismatch-mediated hairpin assembly for amplified electrochemical biosensing","volume":"293","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17303","DOI":"10.1021\/ja906987s","article-title":"Control of DNA strand displacement kinetics using toehold exchange","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118421","article-title":"The interdiscipline rendezvous of aptamers and radionuclides: advances, challenges and prospects","volume":"192","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8272","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00063","article-title":"Metal sensing by DNA","volume":"117","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202506689","article-title":"Engineered nanofluidics for molecular recognition and physical perception","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326002022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326002022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:45:52Z","timestamp":1777596352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566326002022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0956566326002022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nanoconfined biosensor for attomolar molecule detection and recycling via DNA strand displacement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118570","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118570"}}