{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T09:09:57Z","timestamp":1788685797348,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium fur Forschung Technologie und Raumfahrt Informationstechnikzentrum Bund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["013L0251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["013L0251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46SKD023X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46SKD023X"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021130","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:15:24Z","timestamp":1777011324000},"page":"118720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Real-time, label-free impedimetric monitoring of insulin secretion from three-dimensional stem cell\u2013derived islets"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Franziska Dana","family":"Zitzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Remmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Katarina","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Lickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz-Georg","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9455-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11050507","article-title":"Microelectrode array based functional testing of pancreatic islet cells","volume":"11","author":"Alassaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04918-x","article-title":"Discovery of a drug candidate for GLIS3-associated diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Amin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.642152","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cells to model islet defects in diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Balboa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00317-7","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503822","article-title":"Survival of transplanted allogeneic beta cells with no immunosuppression","volume":"393","author":"Carlsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111238","article-title":"Characterization of stem-cell-derived islets during differentiation and after implantation","volume":"40","author":"Cuesta-Gomez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib7","author":"Faradji"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.10.061","article-title":"Comprehensive human stem cell differentiation in a 2D and 3D mode to cardiomyocytes for long-term cultivation and multiparametric monitoring on a multimodal microelectrode array setup","volume":"126","author":"Fleischer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib9","series-title":"Idf Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and National Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2024 and Projections for 2050","author":"Genitsaridi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00474","article-title":"Impedance spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring performance in 3D models of epithelial tissues","volume":"7","author":"Gerasimenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0297","article-title":"Building biomimetic potency tests for islet transplantation","volume":"70","author":"Glieberman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0868","article-title":"Nutrient control of insulin secretion in isolated normal human islets","volume":"55","author":"Henquin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01128-6","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus prevention: present and future","volume":"21","author":"Henriques","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0430-6","article-title":"Targeting the cytoskeleton to direct pancreatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"38","author":"Hogrebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib15","article-title":"A compound screen based on Isogenic hESC\u2010Derived \u03b2 cell reveals an inhibitor targeting ZnT8\u2010Mediated zinc transportation to protect pancreatic \u03b2 cell from stress\u2010induced cell death","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib16","article-title":"Electrophysiological characterisation of iPSC-derived human \u03b2-like cells and an SLC30A8 disease model","volume":"10","author":"Jaffredo","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6408","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0813","article-title":"Direct chemosensitivity monitoring Ex vivo on undissociated melanoma tumor tissue by impedance spectroscopy","volume":"74","author":"Jahnke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13121043","article-title":"The unique roles of ion channels in pluripotent stem cells in response to biological stimuli","volume":"13","author":"Kaitsuka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib19","article-title":"Highly stretchable 3D microelectrode array for noninvasive functional evaluation of cardiac spheroids and midbrain organoids","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.02.007","article-title":"Navigating two roads to glucose normalization in diabetes: automated insulin delivery devices and cell therapy","volume":"29","author":"Latres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06194-5","article-title":"Non-invasive quantification of stem cell-derived islet graft size and composition","volume":"67","author":"Lithovius","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90197-2","article-title":"A rapid ELISA for measuring insulin in a large number of research samples","volume":"38","author":"MacDonald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0492-5","article-title":"Generation of pancreatic \u03b2 cells from CD177+ anterior definitive endoderm","volume":"38","author":"Mahaddalkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00114-0","article-title":"Pancreatic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes: 20-year experience from a single-centre cohort in Canada","volume":"10","author":"Marfil-Garza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202400442","article-title":"Generation of advanced blood\u2013brain barrier spheroids using human\u2010induced pluripotent stem cell\u2010derived brain capillary endothelial-like cells","volume":"9","author":"Mathew\u2010Schmitt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.106096","article-title":"The electrophysiology of the \u03b2-Cell based on single transmembrane protein characteristics","volume":"93","author":"Meyer-Hermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043206","article-title":"The dynamics of calcium signaling in beta cells\u2014A discussion on the comparison of experimental and modelling data","volume":"24","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib27","article-title":"A static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (sGSIS) assay that is significantly predictive of time to diabetes reversal in the human islet bioassay","volume":"12","author":"Molano","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.040","article-title":"Generation of functional human pancreatic $\\beta$ cells in vitro","volume":"159","author":"Pagliuca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.09.048","article-title":"Comparative label-free monitoring of immunotoxin efficacy in 2D and 3D mamma carcinoma in vitro models by impedance spectroscopy","volume":"53","author":"Poenick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09404-6","article-title":"YAP inhibition enhances the differentiation of functional stem cell-derived insulin-producing \u03b2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Rosado-Olivieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16550-9","article-title":"Loss of the transcription factor MAFB limits \u03b2-cell derivation from human PSCs","volume":"11","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1039\/C3IB40261D","article-title":"Long-term culture and functionality of pancreatic islets monitored using microelectrode arrays","volume":"6","author":"Sch\u00f6necker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45680","article-title":"Dynamics of insulin secretion and the clinical implications for obesity and diabetes","volume":"121","author":"Seino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.178","article-title":"Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01164-y","article-title":"Inceptor binds to and directs insulin towards lysosomal degradation in \u03b2 cells","volume":"6","author":"Siehler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.102126","article-title":"Generation of a heterozygous C-peptide-mCherry reporter human iPSC line (HMGUi001-A-8)","volume":"50","author":"Siehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00262-w","article-title":"Engineering islets from stem cells for advanced therapies of diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Siehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00262-w","article-title":"Engineering islets from stem cells for advanced therapies of diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Siehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150306","article-title":"High-content screening identifies a role for Na+ channels in insulin production","volume":"2","author":"Szabat","year":"2015","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.12.012","article-title":"Acquisition of dynamic function in human stem cell-derived $\\beta$ Cecls","volume":"12","author":"Velazco-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1168-5","article-title":"Charting cellular identity during human in vitro \u03b2-cell differentiation","volume":"569","author":"Veres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1168-5","article-title":"Charting cellular identity during human in vitro \u03b2-cell differentiation","volume":"569","author":"Veres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.004","article-title":"Transplantation of chemically induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived islets under abdominal anterior rectus sheath in a type 1 diabetes patient","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02081-3","article-title":"Kirigami electronics for long-term electrophysiological recording of human neural organoids and assembloids","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1455691","article-title":"Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116042","article-title":"Microcavity well-plate for automated parallel bioelectronic analysis of 3D cell cultures","volume":"250","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114010","article-title":"Multielectrode biosensor chip for spatial resolution screening of 3D cell models based on microcavity arrays","volume":"202","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326003520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326003520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T08:11:07Z","timestamp":1788682267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566326003520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0956566326003520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-time, label-free impedimetric monitoring of insulin secretion from three-dimensional stem cell\u2013derived islets","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118720","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118720"}}