{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:28:02Z","timestamp":1786519682739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013804","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:40:24Z","timestamp":1784590824000},"page":"119058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A triangular split-DNAzyme scaffold for high-contrast microRNA imaging in living cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Chen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Yi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Ping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Yan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng Zhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04225-4","article-title":"Time-resolved structural analysis of an RNA-cleaving DNA catalyst","volume":"601","author":"Borggr\u00e4fe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c08071","article-title":"Programmable DNA framework-based logic-gated dual-distance regulation for photoelectrochemical multiplex and sensitive detection of waterborne viruses","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7404","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01134","article-title":"MicroRNA-Initiated and intracellular Na+-Fueled DNAzyme motor for differentiating molecular subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib4","article-title":"Split aptazyme-based signal amplification for A\u03b2O analysis","volume":"268","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134272","article-title":"A sodium-dependent split DNAzyme fluorescent sensor under butanol acceleration for ultrasensitive detection of PIWI-interacting RNAs and microRNAs","volume":"393","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19211","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04260","article-title":"Self-Protected DNAzyme walker with a circular bulging DNA shield for amplified imaging of miRNAs in living cells and mice","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116279","article-title":"An enzyme-free sensing platform for miRNA detection and in situ imaging in clinical samples based on DNAzyme cleavage-triggered catalytic hairpin assembly","volume":"256","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118016","article-title":"Shattering kinetic constraints: hierarchically activatable DNAzyme nanoantennas for in situ mRNA imaging and precise cancer theranostics","volume":"291","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8015","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c21601","article-title":"mRNA-Activated multifunctional DNAzyme nanotweezer for intracellular mRNA sensing and gene therapy","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib9","first-page":"533","article-title":"Enzyme-Free Dynamic DNA Reaction networks for On-Demand bioanalysis and bioimaging","volume":"57","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02114","article-title":"A multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme-cleavable quantum dot nanobeacon for highly sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis with the naked eye","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117270","article-title":"Target-responsive DNAzyme probes for luminescence detection and imaging of DNA-modifying enzymes","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.025.202505739","article-title":"Spatiotemporally controllable DNA nanomachines for fluorescent bioimaging","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa016","article-title":"Elucidation of leak-resistance DNA hybridization chain reaction with universality and extensibility","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23104","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05327","article-title":"Mirror-Image DNA nanobox for enhancing environment resistance of nucleic acid probes","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c06088","article-title":"DNA-Based molecular Architecture: from structure to function","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10721","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c01702","article-title":"Endogenous adenosine triphosphate-assisted three-dimensional DNA walker assembled on soft nanoparticles for intracellular MicroRNA imaging","volume":"95","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2537414123","article-title":"Amplification-free dual-blocking autocatalytic CRISPR-Cascade for attomolar DNA detection with low nonspecific signal","volume":"123","author":"Lim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093942","article-title":"Studies on the effect of lipofectamine and cell-penetrating peptide on the properties of 10-23 DNAzyme","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9076777","article-title":"MNAzymes, a versatile new class of nucleic acid enzymes that can function as biosensors and molecular switches","volume":"132","author":"Mokany","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202411118","article-title":"DNA Tetrahedra as functional nanostructures: from basic principles to applications","volume":"63","author":"Ouyang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6366","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00250","article-title":"Antibody-Bridged DNAzyme walker for sensitive detection of small molecules","volume":"96","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04926","article-title":"DNAzyme-Mediated assays for amplified detection of nucleic acids and proteins","volume":"90","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116910","article-title":"Chemical and structural modification of RNA-cleaving DNAzymes for efficient biosensing and biomedical applications","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c04523","article-title":"Chemically inducible DNAzyme sensor for controllable imaging of metal ions","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2020.04.012","article-title":"RNA-Cleaving NAzymes: the Next Big thing in biosensing?","volume":"38","author":"Safdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4262","article-title":"A general purpose RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme","volume":"94","author":"Santoro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202320179","article-title":"A programmable DNAzyme for the sensitive detection of nucleic acids","volume":"63","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.115007","article-title":"Engineering m6A demethylation-activated DNAzyme for visually and sensitively sensing fat mass and obesity-associated protein","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib26","article-title":"Engineered DNA molecular machine for ultrasensitive detection of environmental lead pollution","volume":"459","author":"Tanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12456","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02699","article-title":"Programmable DNAzyme computing for specific in vivo imaging: intracellular stimulus-unlocked target sensing and signal amplification","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117258","article-title":"Magnetically controlled all-in-one sensing platform for triple-mode detection of organophosphorus pesticides using DNA tetrahedrons-polydopamine reporters","volume":"276","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39866","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c11923","article-title":"Intracellular miRNA imaging based on a self-powered and self-feedback entropy-driven Catalyst-DNAzyme circuit","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150151","article-title":"Visual self-powered platform for ultrasensitive heavy metal detection designed on graphdiyne\/graphene heterojunction and DNAzyme-triggered DNA circuit strategy","volume":"485","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42740-2","article-title":"An autocatalytic multicomponent DNAzyme nanomachine for tumor-specific photothermal therapy sensitization in pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10580","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c15240","article-title":"Target-Responsive DNA nanoclaw for the On-Site identification of Chinese medicines with naked eye","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib37","article-title":"Programming a DNA tetrahedral nanomachine as an integrative tool for intracellular microRNA biosensing and stimulus-unlocked target regulation","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.148177","article-title":"DNA nanocage confined DNAzyme for detection of lead ions coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a system","volume":"480","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib39","article-title":"DNA framework\u2013based molecular transformer for logic-driven precision diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116520","article-title":"DNA tetrahedral scaffold-corbelled self-feedback circuit for dual-mode ratiometric biosensing with Ru@COF-LZU1 accelerator","volume":"261","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib41","article-title":"Modular weaving DNAzyme in skeleton of DNA nanocages for photoactivatable catalytic activity regulation","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12974","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c02989","article-title":"Construction of multiple DNAzymes driven by single base elongation and ligation for single-molecule monitoring of FTO in cancer tissues","volume":"95","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.01.045","article-title":"A novel electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on Ru (bpy)32+-functionalized MOF composites and cycle amplification technology of DNAzyme walker for ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin","volume":"659","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21370","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c06155","article-title":"In vitro selection of M2+-Independent, fast-responding acidic deoxyribozymes for bacterial detection","volume":"145","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c03284","article-title":"A cooperatively activatable DNA nanoprobe for cancer cell-selective imaging of ATP","volume":"93","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326006901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326006901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:34:36Z","timestamp":1786516476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566326006901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0956566326006901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A triangular split-DNAzyme scaffold for high-contrast microRNA imaging in living cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119058"}}