{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:18:55Z","timestamp":1788531535456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["242300420438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242300420438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22404111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015377","name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18DZ2260400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18DZ2260400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:34:51Z","timestamp":1787931291000},"page":"119172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oxygen vacancies-induced dual-interface modulation for TiO2\/BiOI-based photoelectrochemical biosensor of urinary cancer markers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhonghai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117482","article-title":"A dual-color closed bipolar electrochemiluminescence platform for visual simultaneous diagnosis of two pluripotency markers in cancer patients' urine","volume":"282","author":"Arab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c04099","article-title":"3D-Printed dual-channel flow-through miniaturized devices with dual In-Channel electrochemical detection","volume":"97","author":"Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c02972","article-title":"Enhanced anti-interference photoelectrochemical DNA bioassay: grafting a peptide-conjugated hairpin DNA probe on a COF-based photocathode","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201908109","article-title":"Spatiotemporally synchronous oxygen self\u2010supply and reactive oxygen species production on Z\u2010Scheme heterostructures for hypoxic tumor therapy","volume":"32","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131564","article-title":"Oxygen vacancy-regulated TiO2 nanotube photoelectrochemical sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of tetracycline hydrochloride","volume":"359","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113632","article-title":"Evaluation of urinary cfDNA workflows for the molecular profiling of malignant disease","volume":"28","author":"Eberhard","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC00889F","article-title":"A laser-induced TiO2 -decorated graphene photoelectrode for sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensing","volume":"55","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201904000","article-title":"Direct\u2010laser\u2010writing of metal sulfide\u2010graphene nanocomposite photoelectrode toward sensitive photoelectrochemical sensing","volume":"29","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60148-y","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical biosensor with single atom sites for norepinephrine sensing and brain region synergy in epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9956466","article-title":"Preparation of Gelatin\/Polycaprolactone electrospun fibers loaded with cis-platinum and their potential application for the treatment of prostate cancer","volume":"2021","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115920","article-title":"Recent advances in optical biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarker \u03b1-fetoprotein (AFP)","volume":"128","author":"Kal-Koshvandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta10689f","article-title":"Reduced TiO2 nanotube arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting","volume":"1","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118257","article-title":"A split-type photoelectrochemical biosensor using GSH-loaded liposomes in situ stimulation of ATA photoelectrode for the sensitive detection of AFP","volume":"294","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121502","article-title":"Double-defect-induced polarization enhanced OV-BiOBr\/Cu2-xS high-low junction for boosted photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution","volume":"314","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119044","article-title":"acDEP-assisted microfluidic chip for ultrasensitive detection of urinary exosomes for non-invasive hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis","volume":"312","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14509","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03465","article-title":"Zwitterionic polymers coating antibiofouling photoelectrochemical aptasensor for In Vivo antibiotic metabolism monitoring and tracking","volume":"94","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118600","article-title":"Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical aptasensor for sulfadiazine detection enhanced by taxifolin-boosted 3D porous g-C3N4","volume":"304","author":"Mohammed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7600","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3012676","article-title":"Effect of nature and location of defects on bandgap narrowing in Black TiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"134","author":"Naldoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c00485","article-title":"Fascinating immobilization-free electrochemical immunosensing strategy based on the cooperation of buoyancy and magnetism","volume":"95","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(26)01109-7","article-title":"P0203 active surveillance in recurrent low-grade non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer: experience from our center","volume":"89","author":"Pujol","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-025-02053-2","article-title":"Identification of vitronectin as a potential non-invasive biomarker of metastatic breast cancer using a label-free LC\u2013MS\/MS approach","volume":"27","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121532","article-title":"Solar light induced photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by ultra-thin Ti3+ self-doped Fe2O3\/TiO2 nanoflakes for the degradation of naphthalene","volume":"315","author":"Sayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118952","article-title":"Binary spatial-spectral encoding and decoding for ultra-multiplexed digital PCR: breaking the fluorescence channel limit","volume":"311","author":"Shen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112781","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of stable and fast Bi2O2S\/Bi2O3 heterojunction self-powered photoelectrochemical sensors for sensitive detection of tetracycline","volume":"239","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114491","article-title":"Plasmon enhanced broadband photoelectrochemical response of ZnO\/CdTe\/Bi nanoarrays for quantitative analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a recyclable microfluidic biosensing chip","volume":"214","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(18)63187-0","article-title":"A Bi\/BiOI\/(BiO)2CO3 heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic NO removal under visible light","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116071","article-title":"Research progress of photoelectrochemical sensors in food detection","volume":"206","author":"Suo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.4584","article-title":"Revolutionizing bladder cancer follow-up: personalized urinary ctDNA analysis for detecting minimal residual disease","volume":"43","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-020-04087-x","article-title":"A simple sol-gel hydrothermal method for the synthesis of defective TiO2 nanocrystals with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity","volume":"46","author":"Xi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(19)63481-9","article-title":"Bifunctional S-scheme g-C3N4\/Bi\/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalysts toward artificial carbon cycling","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c05782","article-title":"Oxygen vacancies-induced antifouling photoelectrochemical aptasensor for highly sensitive and selective determination of \u03b1-Fetoprotein","volume":"96","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134285","article-title":"Au-mediated Z-scheme TiO2-Au-BiOI photoelectrode for sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical detection of L-cysteine","volume":"393","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57084-2","article-title":"Implantable photoelectrochemical-therapeutic methotrexate monitoring system with dual-atomic docking strategy","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.154277","article-title":"Construction of p-n heterostructured BiOI\/TiO2 nanosheets arrays for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting performance","volume":"601","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.170659","article-title":"Construction of TiO2@ZnO nanofibers with beads-on-a-string heterostructures for photoelectrochemical detection of lactic acid","volume":"960","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149785","article-title":"Constructing the Z-scheme TiO2\/Au\/BiOI nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation","volume":"556","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib40","article-title":"Miniaturized power-integrated and self-powered sensor systems for advanced biomedical applications","volume":"9","author":"Yun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118596","article-title":"Ultrasensitive cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for C-reactive protein enabled by boron-doped diamond electrodes and quantum dot nanospheres","volume":"304","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.115052","article-title":"A cathodic photoelectrochemical immunoassay with dual signal amplification for the ultrasensitive detection of DNA damage biomarkers","volume":"224","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01055","article-title":"Plasmon-enhanced magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe for ultrasensitive detection of urinary miRNA-96 enabling early diagnosis and risk stratification of bladder cancer","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126180","article-title":"Introduction of vacancy capture mechanism into defective alumina microspheres for enhanced adsorption of organic dyes","volume":"402","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118348","article-title":"SERS-integrated plasmonic microneedles with yolk-shell nanocomposites for closed-loop management of infected wounds via dual antifouling safeguards","volume":"297","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Biosensors and Bioelectronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326008043?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956566326008043?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1788528750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956566326008043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0956566326008043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oxygen vacancies-induced dual-interface modulation for TiO2\/BiOI-based photoelectrochemical biosensor of urinary cancer markers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.119172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119172"}}