{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:53:54Z","timestamp":1791323634164,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:23:15Z","timestamp":1790137395000},"page":"105959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Age-dependent nonlinear protein aggregation: A mathematical model of gut-brain axis mediated neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"269","author":[{"family":"Amishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6524-3543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himadri B.","family":"Bohidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21105-7","article-title":"High resolution ensemble description of metamorphic and intrinsically disordered proteins using an efficient hybrid parallel tempering scheme","volume":"12","author":"Appadurai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2018.00039","article-title":"Intramolecular fuzzy interactions involving intrinsically disordered domains","volume":"5","author":"Arbes\u00fa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160172","article-title":"The contribution of intrinsically disordered regions to protein function, cellular complexity, and human disease","volume":"44","author":"Babu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14218\/JTG.2025.00027","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain\u2013immune triad in neurodegeneration: an integrated perspective","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00158","article-title":"Intrinsic disorder and posttranslational modifications: the darker side of the biological dark matter","volume":"9","author":"Darling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.05.003","article-title":"Proteostasis impairment in protein-misfolding and -aggregation diseases","volume":"24","author":"Hipp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.001","article-title":"A quantitative model of human neurodegenerative diseases involving protein aggregation","volume":"80","author":"Kepp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709072","article-title":"Pathways of cellular proteostasis in aging and disease","volume":"217","author":"Klaips","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91621-5","article-title":"The neural economics of brain aging","volume":"11","author":"Kosyakovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1348279","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on \u03b1-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration","volume":"14","author":"Mahbub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.02.014","article-title":"Gut microbiota, an additional hallmark of human aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"518","author":"Molinero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2024.102958","article-title":"Binding mechanisms of intrinsically disordered proteins: insights from experimental studies and structural predictions","volume":"90","author":"Orand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.836605","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into gut microbiome dysbiosis-mediated neuroimmune dysregulation and protein misfolding and clearance in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"16","author":"Padhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714478115","article-title":"Thymic involution and rising disease incidence with age","volume":"115","author":"Palmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2020025","article-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation by estrogen in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Priyanka","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIMS Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/e23040437","article-title":"Modeling the dynamics of T-cell development in the thymus","volume":"23","author":"Robert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13090698","article-title":"Melatonin augments the expression of core transcription factors in aged and Alzheimer's patient skin fibroblasts","volume":"13","author":"Shukla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6661","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400695p","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of cells and their effects on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs)","volume":"114","author":"Theillet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008267","article-title":"Protein-protein interactions in neurodegenerative diseases: a conspiracy theory","volume":"16","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214050","article-title":"Intrinsically disordered proteins: an overview","volume":"23","author":"Trivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1586\/epr.10.36","article-title":"Targeting intrinsically disordered proteins in neurodegenerative and protein dysfunction diseases: another illustration of the D2 concept","volume":"7","author":"Uversky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2261","article-title":"A decade and a half of protein intrinsic disorder: biology still waits for physics","volume":"22","author":"Uversky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2015.00045","article-title":"Computational approaches for inferring the functions of intrinsically disordered proteins","volume":"2","author":"Varadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13082025","article-title":"Systemic neurodegeneration and brain aging: multi-omics disintegration, proteostatic collapse, and network failure across the CNS","volume":"13","author":"Voicu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC00088A","article-title":"Kinetic models reveal the interplay of protein production and aggregation","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4236\/aad.2017.61003","article-title":"Cyclic E2 and P4 on Alzheimer's disease pathways","volume":"6","author":"Wiley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Alzheimer's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07944-6","article-title":"A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis","volume":"635","author":"Yayon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47520-0","article-title":"Tracing genetic diversity captures the molecular basis of misfolding disease","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2387800","article-title":"Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis: interplay between microbiota, barrier function and lymphatic system","volume":"16","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160926","article-title":"Altered gut microbiome composition and tryptic activity of the 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse model","volume":"56","author":"Brandscheid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib36","article-title":"Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Harach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900071R","article-title":"APOE genotype influences the gut microbiome structure and function in humans and mice","volume":"33","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib38","article-title":"Suppression of gut dysbiosis by Bifidobacterium longum alleviates cognitive decline in 5XFAD transgenic and aged mice","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0352-2","article-title":"Synergistic effects of APOE and sex on the gut microbiome of young EFAD transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Maldonado Weng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.009","article-title":"Probiotics ameliorate intestinal pathophysiology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"92","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64797-5","article-title":"Synergistic depletion of gut microbial consortia reduce amyloidosis in APPPS1-21 Alzheimer's transgenic mice","volume":"10","author":"Dodiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26069","article-title":"Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Scheperjans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.03.012","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain signalling in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Felice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched controls","volume":"32","author":"Unger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26942","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome","volume":"32","author":"Hill-Burns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib46","article-title":"Microbiome profiling reveals gut dysbiosis in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"135","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa110","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis in Huntington's disease: associations among gut microbiota, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Wasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib48","article-title":"An integrated metagenomics and metabolomics approach implicates the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease","volume":"148","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75229-9","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and gut dysbiosis in the R6\/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"10","author":"Stan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac205","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplant ameliorates gut dysbiosis and cognitive deficits in Huntington's disease mice","volume":"4","author":"Gubert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02192-21","article-title":"Alterations in the gut fungal community in a mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.12.023","article-title":"Dietary fibre confers therapeutic effects in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease","volume":"116","author":"Gubert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106074","article-title":"Prebiotics improve motor function, cognition and gut health in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease","volume":"130","author":"Ekwudo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."}],"container-title":["BioSystems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303264726002698?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303264726002698?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:43:23Z","timestamp":1791323003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303264726002698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0303264726002698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-2647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-2647","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age-dependent nonlinear protein aggregation: A mathematical model of gut-brain axis mediated neurodegeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"BioSystems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105959","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105959"}}