{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:21:27Z","timestamp":1793964087607,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Insititute of Technology Delhi"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioresource Technology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T13:08:03Z","timestamp":1609247283000},"page":"100623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and its application in combating COVID-19: Mini review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Hans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anushree","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyanarayan","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3390\/md13020697","article-title":"Sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva clathrata and Cladosiphon okamuranus seaweeds both inhibit viral attachment\/entry and cell-cell fusion, in NDV infection","volume":"13","author":"Aguilar-Brise\u00f1o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9350-7","article-title":"Characterization of carrageenan extracted from Hypnea bryoides in Oman","volume":"13","author":"Al-Alawi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.3390\/md9102106","article-title":"Review of structure-function relations and extraction methods for fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds","volume":"9","author":"Ale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0020","unstructured":"Allied market research, 2018. Seaweed Market by Product (Red, Brown, and Green) and Application (Human Food, Hydrocolloids, Fertilizers, Animal Feed Additives, and Others) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast. (Accessed 14 April 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0025","article-title":"Iota-carrageenan and xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0030","article-title":"Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of polysaccharides extracted from four tropical seaweed species","volume":"12","author":"Bedoux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9050087","article-title":"Marine algae metabolites as promising therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of HIV\/AIDS","volume":"9","author":"Besednova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0040","first-page":"61","article-title":"Comparative analysis of floating and submerged macrophytes for heavy metal (copper, chromium, arsenic and lead) removal: sorbent preparation, characterization, regeneration and cost estimation","volume":"2","author":"Bind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geol. Ecol. Landsc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-019-0976-y","article-title":"Biosorption valorization of floating and submerged macrophytes for heavy-metal removal in a multi-component system","volume":"9","author":"Bind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0050","series-title":"Seaweed Aquaculture for Food Security, Income Generation and Environmental Health in Tropical Developing Countries","author":"Bjerregaard","year":"2016"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/md9071187","article-title":"Antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)","volume":"9","author":"Bouhlal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020069","article-title":"Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of papillomavirus infection","volume":"2","author":"Buck","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10174","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 variants arising after selection with an antiviral carrageenan: lack of correlation between drug susceptibility and syn phenotype","volume":"68","author":"Carlucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.106","article-title":"Application prospect of polysaccharides in the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs and vaccines","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-011-9428-x","article-title":"Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection by the sulfated polysaccharide extracts from Ulva lactuca","volume":"14","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.05.009","article-title":"Prevention of human enterovirus 71 infection by kappa carrageenan","volume":"95","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02426","article-title":"Inhibition by marine algae of chikungunya virus isolated from patients in a recent disease outbreak in Rio de Janeiro","volume":"10","author":"Cirne-Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2005.09.020","article-title":"Chemical structure and antiviral activity of carrageenans from Meristiella gelidium against herpes simplex and dengue virus","volume":"63","author":"De Sf-Tischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.078","article-title":"In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidan from Sargassum swartzii","volume":"82","author":"Dinesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2019.100242","article-title":"Assessment of bioaccumulation and detoxification of cadmium in soil-plant-insect food chain","volume":"7","author":"Dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0105","unstructured":"FAO., 2019. FAO yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2017\/FAO annuaire."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.3390\/md11124876","article-title":"Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects","volume":"11","author":"Fedorov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0115","unstructured":"Ferdouse, F., Holdt, S. L., Smith, R., Mur\u00faa, P., & Yang, Z., 2018. The global status of seaweed production, trade and utilization. Globefish Research Programme. 124, I."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2011.10.007","article-title":"Chemical structure of the complex pyruvylated and sulfated agaran from the red seaweed Palisada flagellifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)","volume":"347","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2020.115016","article-title":"Structural characterization of ulvan polysaccharide from cultivated and collected Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta)","volume":"11","author":"Figueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020901900603","article-title":"Sulfated xylomannans from the red seaweed Sebdenia polydactyla: structural features, chemical modification and antiviral activity","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0135","first-page":"34","article-title":"Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides carrageenan from some marine seaweeds","volume":"7","author":"Gomaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Rev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(02)00318-X","article-title":"Sulfated and pyruvylated disaccharide alditols obtained from a red seaweed galactan: ESIMS and NMR approaches","volume":"337","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0145","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses\u2013a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group","author":"Gorbalenya","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10406638.2017.1302971","article-title":"Anthracene biodegradation by Oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus for biodiesel production and its characterization","author":"Goswami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polycycl. Aromat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.11.029","article-title":"A novel integrated biodegradation\u2014microfiltration system for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy recovery","volume":"365","author":"Goswami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120253","article-title":"Biological treatment of biomass gasification wastewater using hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium Rhodococcus opacus in an up-flow packed bed bioreactor with a novel waste-derived nano-biochar based bio-support material","volume":"256","author":"Goswami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S167123","article-title":"Development of a nasal spray containing xylometazoline hydrochloride and iota-carrageenan for the symptomatic relief of nasal congestion caused by rhinitis and sinusitis","volume":"11","author":"Graf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0170","unstructured":"Grassauer, A., & Prieschl-Grassauer, E., 2019. U.S. Patent No. 10,342,820. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-107","article-title":"Iota-Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus infection","volume":"5","author":"Grassauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119143802.ch20","article-title":"Pharmacology of marine macroalgae","volume":"1","author":"G\u00fcven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Encycl. Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0185","series-title":"Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals: Volume I Food, Health and Nutraceutical Applications","article-title":"Platform molecules from algae by using supercritical CO2 and subcritical water extraction","author":"Hans","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2016.03.013","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) for the production of antiviral and antioxidant extracts from the green seaweed Ulva armoricana (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae)","volume":"16","author":"Hardouin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.004","article-title":"Anti-influenza A virus characteristics of a fucoidan from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida in mice with normal and compromised immunity","volume":"15","author":"Hayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0200","series-title":"Carrageenan Nasal Spray May Double the Rate of Recovery From Coronavirus and Influenza Virus Infections: Re-analysis of Randomized Trial Data","author":"Hemil\u00e4","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-006-9096-9","article-title":"Structure and antiviral activity of the galactofucan sulfates extracted from Undariapinnatifida (Phaeophyta)","volume":"18","author":"Hemmingson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.100","article-title":"Structure and anti-dengue virus activity of sulfated polysaccharide from a marine alga","volume":"376","author":"Hidari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3906\/biy-2005-114","article-title":"Potentials of plant-based substance to inhabit and probable cure for the COVID-19","volume":"44","author":"Jahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0220","article-title":"Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan against influenza viruses in mice and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in vitro","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/md9020196","article-title":"Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae","volume":"9","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2019.1690480","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids","volume":"35","author":"Jo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040930","article-title":"Extraction and modification of macroalgal polysaccharides for current and next-generation applications","volume":"25","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0240","first-page":"7","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of seaweed bioactive compounds","volume":"1","author":"Khalid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seaweed Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2019.101422","article-title":"Ulvan: a systematic review of extraction, composition and function","volume":"39","author":"Kidgell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.032","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0255","series-title":"Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-9-57","article-title":"Carrageenan nasal spray in virus confirmed common cold: individual patient data analysis of two randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Koenighofer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0010","article-title":"Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants: implications for phytoremediation","volume":"24","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0270","series-title":"Environmental Science and Engineering, 8","first-page":"462","article-title":"Mechanism of soil-metal-microbe interactions and their implication on microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-019-02411-6","article-title":"Adsorption kinetics and molecular interactions of lead [Pb (II)] with natural clay and humic acid","volume":"17","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-00192-8","article-title":"Sulfated polysaccharides effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-827228","article-title":"Antiherpetic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from green algae","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.03.014","article-title":"Structure of rhamnan sulfate from the green alga Monostroma nitidum and its anti-herpetic effect","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.05.059","article-title":"Structures and antiviral activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum trichophyllum","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.078","article-title":"Biosynthesis of agar in red seaweeds: a review","volume":"164","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-017-0958-2","article-title":"Marine polysaccharides: therapeutic efficacy and biomedical applications","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014320","article-title":"Iota-carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of influenza a virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Leibbrandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.03.025","article-title":"Preparation, structure and anticoagulant activity of a low molecular weight fraction produced by mild acid hydrolysis of sulfated rhamnan from Monostroma latissimum","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234286","article-title":"Anti-cancer activity of porphyran and carrageenan from red seaweeds","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.043","article-title":"Green seaweed Enteromorpha compressa (Chlorophyta, Ulvaceae) derived sulphated polysaccharides inhibit herpes simplex virus","volume":"102","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0330","first-page":"41","article-title":"Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the brown algae Laminaria japonica against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in the cultured cells","volume":"55","author":"Makarenkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vopr. Virusol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.053","article-title":"Chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Lithothamnion muelleri","volume":"66","author":"Malagoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020701800305","article-title":"Structural features and antiviral activity of sulphated fucans from the brown seaweed Cystoseira indica","volume":"18","author":"Mandal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2008.05.004","article-title":"Anti-herpetic activity of a sulfated xylomannan from Scinaia hatei","volume":"69","author":"Mandal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-8130(02)00070-3","article-title":"Isolation, chemical investigation and antiviral activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria corticata (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)","volume":"31","author":"Mazumder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060208-104626","article-title":"Virus entry by endocytosis","volume":"79","author":"Mercer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0360","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Synergistic effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Mexican seaweeds against measles virus","author":"Mor\u00e1n-Santiba\u00f1ez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S120665","article-title":"Amylmetacresol\/2, 4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, hexylresorcinol, or carrageenan lozenges as active treatments for sore throat","volume":"10","author":"Morokutti-Kurz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0370","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sulfated polysaccharides and its commercial applications in food industries\u2014a review","author":"Muthukumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0375","series-title":"Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities","first-page":"155","article-title":"Carrageenan and more: biorefinery approaches with special reference to the processing of Kappaphycus","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Ortiz-Tena","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(02)00403-2","article-title":"Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis: extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies","volume":"338","author":"Ponce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020201300202","article-title":"Novel DL-galactan hybrids from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus are potent inhibitors of herpes simplex virus and dengue virus","volume":"13","author":"Pujol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2008.03.006","article-title":"Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity of HIV by polysaccharides of brown algae","volume":"62","author":"Queiroz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.10.019","article-title":"The system of fucoidans from the brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma: chemical analysis and antiviral activity","volume":"101","author":"Rabanal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2006.03.027","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha compressa: isolation, purification and structural features","volume":"66","author":"Ray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.3390\/md13063340","article-title":"Seaweed hydrocolloid production: an update on enzyme assisted extraction and modification technologies","volume":"13","author":"Rhein-Knudsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.26452\/ijrps.v11iSPL1.2256","article-title":"Possible role of traditional medicinal plant Neem (Azadirachta indica) for the management of COVID-19 infection","volume":"11","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.07.018","article-title":"Kappaphycus alvarezii macroalgae: an unexplored and valuable biomass for green biorefinery conversion","volume":"103","author":"Rudke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050551","article-title":"Polysaccharides from the marine environment with pharmacological, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical potential","volume":"21","author":"Ruocco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21405","article-title":"Mechanistic studies of viral entry: an overview of dendrimer-based microbicides as entry inhibitors against both HIV and HSV-2 overlapped infections","volume":"37","author":"Sep\u00falveda-Crespo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0430","article-title":"Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants\u2013Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)\u2013a molecular docking study","volume":"1-14","author":"Shree","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00041-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and interaction of lead with lead resistant bacterium Acinetobacter junii Pb1","volume":"50","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02017F","article-title":"Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903510872","article-title":"Type I interferons in systemic autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"Sozzani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.01.043","article-title":"Interference in dengue virus adsorption and uncoating by carrageenans","volume":"363","author":"Talarico","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2004.03.002","article-title":"Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweeds Gymnogongrus griffithsiae and Cryptonemia crenulata","volume":"34","author":"Talarico","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1002\/app.37502","article-title":"Preparation and potential in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of low molecular-weight \u03ba-carrageenans and their derivatives","volume":"127","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.08.068","article-title":"Anti-HIV activity of fucoidans from three brown seaweed species","volume":"115","author":"Thuy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2723","article-title":"Antiretroviral activity of fucoidans extracted from the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis","volume":"23","author":"Trinchero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0475","series-title":"Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385520-6.00004-2","article-title":"Polysaccharides of the red algae","author":"Usov","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0480","article-title":"Stilbene-based natural compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19","volume":"1-10","author":"Wahedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.07.067","article-title":"Antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 of sulfated rhamnan isolated from the green alga Monostroma latissimum","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.08.010","article-title":"In vitro inhibitory effect of carrageenan oligosaccharide on influenza A H1N1 virus","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.3390\/md10122795","article-title":"The antiviral activities and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0500","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.10.062","article-title":"Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae","volume":"84","author":"Wijesekara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0510","unstructured":"Worldometer [Internet] COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic., 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/ (Accessed 20 November 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.06.002","article-title":"Bioactive natural compounds against human coronaviruses: a review and perspective","volume":"10","author":"Xian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0520","first-page":"4","article-title":"Studies of the anti-AIDS effects of marine polysaccharide drug 911 and its related mechanisms of action","volume":"19","author":"Xianliang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1637-5","article-title":"Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(99)00083-1","article-title":"Preparation of O-acylated low-molecular-weight carrageenans with potent anti-HIV activity and low anticoagulant effect","volume":"41","author":"Yamada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-010-0193-7","article-title":"Extraction, isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from a red alga Gloiopeltis furcata","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ocean Univ. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.11.032","article-title":"Immunomodulation and antitumor activity of \u03ba-carrageenan oligosaccharides","volume":"243","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.03.101","article-title":"Primary structure, conformation in aqueous solution, and intestinal immunomodulating activity of fucoidan from two brown seaweed species Sargassum crassifolium and Padina australis","volume":"147","author":"Yuguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/md13031084","article-title":"Fucoidan from Macrocystis pyrifera has powerful immune-modulatory effects compared to three other fucoidans","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2018.1472550","article-title":"Insight into carrageenases: major review of sources, category, property, purification method, structure, and applications","volume":"38","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Bioresource Technology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589014X20302450?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589014X20302450?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:28:38Z","timestamp":1762882118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589014X20302450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S2589014X20302450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-014X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-014X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and its application in combating COVID-19: Mini review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioresource Technology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biteb.2020.100623","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100623"}}