{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T18:40:59Z","timestamp":1788115259867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]],"date-time":"2017-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST: 105-2314-B-182-050-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST: 105-2314-B-182-050-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8F1911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8F1911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8E1612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E1612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8E0212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E0212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG8F0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG8F0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T15:30:26Z","timestamp":1496244626000},"page":"141-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Preventing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Chang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.54.3.271","article-title":"A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) prevailing in Japan","volume":"54","author":"Kawasaki","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.11.020","article-title":"Coronary artery fistula associated with Kawasaki disease","volume":"157","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145143.19711.78","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association","volume":"110","author":"Newburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000183786.70519.fa","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: infection, immunity and genetics","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16814-1","article-title":"Kawasaki syndrome","volume":"364","author":"Burns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2011.11.003","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: an update on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e678","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0726","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan, 1996\u20132002","volume":"114","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e401","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2187","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan, 2003\u20132006","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE2008001","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results from the nationwide survey in 2005\u20132006","volume":"18","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110126","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results of the 2009\u20132010 nationwide survey","volume":"22","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143056","article-title":"Gene-gene associations with the susceptibility of Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesions","volume":"10","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.93","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in Kawasaki disease","volume":"32","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520865","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/520865","article-title":"CD40 gene polymorphisms associated with susceptibility and coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease in the Taiwanese population","volume":"2012","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069685","article-title":"A replication study for association of ITPKC and CASP3 two-locus analysis in IVIG unresponsiveness and coronary\u00a0artery lesion in Kawasaki disease","volume":"8","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38976","article-title":"Identification of an association between genomic hypomethylation of FCGR2A and susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance by DNA methylation array","volume":"67","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017370","article-title":"ITPKC single nucleotide polymorphism associated with the Kawasaki disease in a Taiwanese population","volume":"6","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.59","article-title":"ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms","volume":"40","author":"Onouchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201266","article-title":"CD40 ligand gene and Kawasaki disease","volume":"12","author":"Onouchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq176","article-title":"Common variants in CASP3 confer susceptibility to Kawasaki disease","volume":"19","author":"Onouchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2220","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies three new risk loci for Kawasaki disease","volume":"44","author":"Onouchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181f43a4e","article-title":"Clinical implication of the C Allele of the ITPKC gene SNP rs28493229 in Kawasaki disease: association with disease susceptibility and BCG scar reactivation","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9203-6","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 ligand gene and Kawasaki disease","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.12.008","article-title":"Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease","volume":"113","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12558","article-title":"Th17- and Treg-related cytokine and mRNA expression are associated with acute and resolving Kawasaki disease","volume":"70","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.11.001","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin, pharmacogenomics, and Kawasaki disease","volume":"49","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.965194","article-title":"Prevalence and the long-term coronary risks of patients with Kawasaki disease in a general population <40 years: a national database study","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608073150601","article-title":"The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin","volume":"315","author":"Newburger","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.981","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies FCGR2A as a susceptibility locus for Kawasaki disease","volume":"43","author":"Khor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2010.154","article-title":"CASP3 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs72689236) and Kawasaki disease in Taiwanese children","volume":"56","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-74-0903","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and management of cardiovascular sequelae in Kawasaki disease (JCS 2008)\u2013digest version","volume":"74","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13315","article-title":"Bull's eye dermatoscopy pattern at bacillus Calmette-Guerin inoculation site correlates with systemic involvements in patients with Kawasaki disease","volume":"43","author":"Tseng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181cacede","article-title":"Kawasaki disease patients with redness or crust formation at the Bacille Calmette-Guerin inoculation site","volume":"29","author":"Uehara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91109-1","article-title":"High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease","volume":"2","author":"Furusho","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242305","article-title":"A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of\u00a0acute Kawasaki syndrome","volume":"324","author":"Newburger","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e689","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1037","article-title":"Treatment of acute Kawasaki disease: aspirin's role in the febrile stage revisited","volume":"114","author":"Hsieh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144603","article-title":"High-dose aspirin is associated with anemia and does not confer benefit to disease outcomes in Kawasaki disease","volume":"10","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib37","first-page":"149","article-title":"Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for massive lymphadenopathy in a child with intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70447-X","article-title":"Treatment of immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with pulsed doses of corticosteroids","volume":"128","author":"Wright","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.10.012","article-title":"Infliximab for intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease: a retrospective study","volume":"158","author":"Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib40","first-page":"136","article-title":"Treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with methotrexate","volume":"34","author":"Ahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282fbf9cd","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: an overview","volume":"21","author":"Pinna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-003-0264-3","article-title":"Efficacy of plasma exchange therapy for Kawasaki disease intractable to intravenous gamma-globulin","volume":"14","author":"Mori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061235","article-title":"Randomized trial of pulsed corticosteroid therapy for primary treatment of Kawasaki disease","volume":"356","author":"Newburger","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13773","article-title":"Nationwide surveys show that the incidence of recurrent Kawasaki disease in Japan has hardly changed over the last 30 years","volume":"106","author":"Sudo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61930-2","article-title":"Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial","volume":"379","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592865","article-title":"Prediction of intravenous immunoglobulin unresponsiveness in patients with Kawasaki disease","volume":"113","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.03.025","article-title":"High risk of coronary artery aneurysms in infants younger than 6 months of age with Kawasaki disease","author":"Salgado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046067","article-title":"Low-dose dextromethorphan, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, reduces blood pressure and enhances vascular protection in experimental hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.05.004","article-title":"Expression of NADPH oxidases and enhanced H(2)O(2)-generating activity in human coronary artery endothelial cells upon induction with tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"8","author":"Yoshida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417017300318?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417017300318?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:29:21Z","timestamp":1659054561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2319417017300318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2319417017300318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2319-4170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2319-4170","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preventing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Chang Gung University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}