{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:49:51Z","timestamp":1786985391405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3B1851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3B1851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T21:20:36Z","timestamp":1635801636000},"page":"828-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Would foot arch development in children characterize a body maturation process? A prospective longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hsieh","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Tien","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-516X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Wey","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0264-3","article-title":"Paediatric flexible flat foot: how are we measuring it and are we getting it right? A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Banwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270050701","article-title":"The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries","volume":"27","author":"Kaufman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.07.013","article-title":"Comparison of foot kinematics in people with normal- and flat-arched feet using the Oxford Foot Model","volume":"32","author":"Levinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.7547\/0980436","article-title":"Biomechanical risk factors in the development of medial tibial stress syndrome in distance runners","volume":"98","author":"Tweed","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Pediatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769030-00014","article-title":"The longitudinal arch. A survey of eight hundred and eighty-two feet in normal children and adults","volume":"69","author":"Staheli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2126","article-title":"Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children","volume":"118","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B4.1624509","article-title":"The influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. A survey of 2300 children","volume":"74","author":"Rao","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001100208","article-title":"Footprint analysis between three and seventeen years of age","volume":"11","author":"Forriol","year":"1990","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.03.032","article-title":"Foot posture development in children aged 5 to 11 years: a three-year prospective study","volume":"62","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Nova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160701520298","article-title":"Foot structure in overweight and obese children","volume":"3","author":"Adoracion","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1050-9","article-title":"Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age","volume":"169","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1380-7","article-title":"Relevant factors influencing flatfoot in preschool-aged children","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-1944-4","article-title":"Foot morphology in normal-weight, overweight, and obese schoolchildren","volume":"172","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Orme\u00f1o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.52","article-title":"Foot morphology of normal, underweight and overweight children","volume":"32","author":"Mauch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.227","article-title":"The feet of overweight and obese young children: are they flat or fat?","volume":"14","author":"Mickle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib16","first-page":"9","article-title":"The relationship between foot posture, body mass, age and ankle, lower-limb and whole-body flexibility in healthy children aged 7 to 15 years","volume":"27","author":"Hawke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-015-0101-x","article-title":"The relationship between paediatric foot posture and body mass index: do heavier children really have flatter feet?","volume":"8","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004","article-title":"Flatfeet: biomechanical implications, assessment and management","volume":"38","author":"Kodithuwakku Arachchige","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1991.14.2.70","article-title":"Visual assessment of foot type and relationship of foot type to lower extremity injury","volume":"14","author":"Dahle","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200105000-00022","article-title":"Correlating factors and clinical significance of flexible flatfoot in preschool children","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2018.05.001","article-title":"Validation of normalized truncated navicular height as a clinical assessment measure of static foot posture to determine flatfoot in children and adolescents: a cross sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Aboelnasr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115808","article-title":"Flatfoot diagnosis by a unique bimodal distribution of footprint index in children","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7547\/1020130","article-title":"Dynamic footprint measurement collection technique and intrarater reliability: ink mat, paper pedography, and electronic pedography","volume":"102","author":"Fascione","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140082","article-title":"Validity of footprint analysis to determine flatfoot using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard in a random sample aged 40 years and older","volume":"25","author":"Pita-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2018.10.008","article-title":"Hindfoot alignment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a comparison of clinical assessment and weightbearing cone beam CT examinations","volume":"25","author":"de Cesar Netto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1884-4","article-title":"Change in flatfoot of preschool-aged children: a 1-year follow-up study","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602466","article-title":"Obesity, fitness and health in Taiwanese children and adolescents","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20466","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of fitness during childhood: interaction with physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Baquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802f0512","article-title":"BMI and health-related physical fitness in Taiwanese youth 9-18 years","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib30","first-page":"693","article-title":"Assessment of power, speed, and agility in athletic, preadolescent youth","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60014-9","article-title":"New growth charts for Taiwanese children and adolescents based on World Health Organization standards and health-related physical fitness","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.373","article-title":"Strength training for the intrinsic flexor muscles of the foot: effects on muscle strength, the foot arch, and dynamic parameters before and after the training","volume":"26","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e386","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2262","article-title":"Flat-footedness is not a disadvantage for athletic performance in children aged 11 to 15 years","volume":"123","author":"Tudor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417021001475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417021001475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:12:55Z","timestamp":1762420375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2319417021001475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2319417021001475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2319-4170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2319-4170","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Would foot arch development in children characterize a body maturation process? A prospective longitudinal study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2021.10.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Chang Gung University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}