{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:18:23Z","timestamp":1762420703555,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T23:21:08Z","timestamp":1689808868000},"page":"100634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the bowel \u2013 chaos caused by leaky barriers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8893-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aila Akosua","family":"Kattner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.673708","article-title":"Partners in leaky gut syndrome: intestinal dysbiosis and autoimmunity","volume":"12","author":"Kinashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427","article-title":"Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans","volume":"68","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01498.x","article-title":"The intestinal barrier and its regulation by neuroimmune factors","volume":"22","author":"Keita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.107","article-title":"The bowel and beyond: the enteric nervous system in neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.946248","article-title":"Gut microbiota, leaky gut, and autoimmune diseases","volume":"13","author":"Christovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6040107","article-title":"Leaky gut, leaky brain?","volume":"6","author":"Obrenovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.07.001","article-title":"Gastrodia elata and parishin ameliorate aging induced \u2018leaky gut\u2019 in mice: correlation with gut microbiota","volume":"46","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00408","article-title":"Methodological considerations in canine olfactory detection research","volume":"7","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08651-5","article-title":"Sniffer dogs can identify lung cancer patients from breath and urine samples","volume":"21","author":"Feil","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100623","article-title":"Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: a review","volume":"46","author":"Moura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"History of leptospirosis and leptospira","volume":"387","author":"Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.12.002","article-title":"Leptospirosis is an invasive infectious and systemic inflammatory disease","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3201\/edi1602.090276","article-title":"New hypothesis for cause of epidemic among native Americans, new england, 1616\u20131619","volume":"16","author":"Marr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100595","article-title":"Leptospirosis kidney disease: evolution from acute to chronic kidney disease","volume":"46","author":"Chou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082200","article-title":"3D imaging advancements and new technologies in clinical and scientific dental and orthodontic fields","volume":"11","author":"Leonardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124424","article-title":"Current applications, opportunities, and limitations of AI for 3D imaging in dental research and practice","volume":"17","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100615","article-title":"Applications of three-dimensional imaging techniques in craniomaxillofacial surgery: a literature review","volume":"46","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2020-00058","article-title":"Current advances in regulation of bone homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Al-Bari","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB BioAdvances"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.07.002","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 and bone homeostasis","volume":"46","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0386-0","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of FGF21 in metabolic diseases: from bench to clinic","volume":"16","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00419","article-title":"FGF21 as modulator of metabolism in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Tezze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.02.003","article-title":"The discoveries of molecular mechanisms for the circadian rhythm: the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5174","article-title":"Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"7","author":"Finger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.07.005","article-title":"Afterhyperpolarization potential modulated by local [K+]o in K+ diffusion-restricted extracellular space in the central clock of suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63245-2_8","article-title":"ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","volume":"967","author":"Kellner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032182","article-title":"Plasma hypoxanthine levels in ARDS: implications for oxidative stress, morbidity, and mortality","volume":"155","author":"Quinlan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.09.001","article-title":"Apremilast ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting neutrophil-induced oxidative stress","volume":"46","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib28","first-page":"220","article-title":"Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi (albucasis): pioneer of moden surgery","volume":"27","author":"Amr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.07.003","article-title":"Kinship analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus familial aggregation in Taiwan","volume":"46","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X07076467","article-title":"A brief review of the history of delirium as a mental disorder","volume":"18","author":"Adamis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hist Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.08.003","article-title":"Association of preoperative frailty and postoperative delirium in older cancer patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery: a prospective observational study in Taiwan","volume":"46","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.06.003","article-title":"Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep","volume":"5","author":"Sullivan Bisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Heal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib33","article-title":"Walking for hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.5174","article-title":"Association of daily step patterns with mortality in US adults","volume":"6","author":"Inoue","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238804","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between walking and emotional health in China","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/19992","article-title":"Using smartphones and wearable devices to monitor behavioral changes during COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.07.004","article-title":"Recovery of walking ability in stroke patients through postacute care rehabilitation","volume":"46","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2282","article-title":"An overview on the seven pathogenic human coronaviruses","volume":"32","author":"Kesheh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"3280","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(20)30862-9","article-title":"An uncommon cold","volume":"246","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.08.001","article-title":"Phylogenetic characteristics of Non-SARS human coronavirus in southern Taiwan","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed J"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417023000719?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2319417023000719?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1762420383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2319417023000719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2319417023000719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634","relation":{},"ISSN":["2319-4170"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2319-4170"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond the bowel \u2013 chaos caused by leaky barriers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100634","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chang Gung University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100634"}}